Migrant Crisis

Life Before the Dust Bowl

100

Name one out of the three states that most of the Dust Bowl Refugee came from:

Oklahoma, Texas, or Missouri

200

What major American event indirectly caused the land to be over farmed?

The Great Depression

300

Name two out of the three factors that led to Oklahoma, Texas, and Missouri to being optimal from farming before the dust bowl.

Warm Climate, almost year round farming season, and fertile land

The California Journey

100

Which state on their journey turned some people back and disallow them from entering?

California

200

Why were their cars an issue during the trip?

Common mechanical failures and no cooling

300

What obstical did most migrant have to cross at the end of their journey west?

The Monjave Desert

Camps and Life in California

100

In 2017, California enacted Assembly Bill 103, which authorized the State Attorney General to inspect federal immigration detention facilities operating within the state. Later, in 2019, the state passed Assembly Bill 32, which sought to completely phase out all private, for-profit detention facilities—including those contracted by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).

Analyze how these state-level statutes intersect with the Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Clause 2) of the U.S. Constitution and the doctrine of intergovernmental immunity. Specifically, contrast the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals’ en banc ruling in GEO Group, Inc. v. Newsom (2022) with historical precedents governing state regulation of federal activities.

Part B: Socioeconomic & Historical Continuity
Trace the structural continuities between the "Farm Security Administration (FSA) Migrant Camps" of the 1930s (Dust Bowl era) and the modern "Open-Air Detention Sites" (OADS) recently documented along the California-Mexico border (e.g., Jacumba Hot Springs).

How do both eras reflect a systemic tension between California's reliance on migrant labor/migration flows and the systemic externalization of the structural costs (housing, healthcare, and basic sanitation) onto non-state actors or the migrants themselves?

The legal battle over California’s AB 32 and AB 103 represents a classic conflict of American federalism, specifically testing the boundaries of intergovernmental immunity—a derivative of the Supremacy Clause. Under this doctrine, states cannot regulate the federal government directly, nor can they discriminate against the federal government or those with whom it contracts.

1. The Core Legal Conflict:
   California argued that AB 32 was a valid exercise of its traditional police powers to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of individuals within its borders, targeting the business model of private prison corporations rather than federal operations. Conversely, the federal government and private operators (like the GEO Group) argued that AB 32 effectively dictated how the federal government could execute federal immigration law, which is an exclusively federal prerogative.
2. The En Banc Ruling (GEO Group, Inc. v. Newsom):
   In October 2022, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled 8-3 that AB 32 is unconstitutional as applied to private ICE detention facilities. The court held that California's law directly breached intergovernmental immunity because it sought to control and override federal operations. Under federal law, Congress granted the Secretary of Homeland Security broad discretion to arrange detention facilities, explicitly including the power to contract with private firms. By banning private facilities, California left ICE with virtually no operational facilities in the state, effectively overriding federal statutory choice.
3. Comparison with Historical Precedents:
   The ruling aligns with Leslie Miller, Inc. v. Arkansas (1956), which established that states cannot enforce licensing or operational requirements that conflict with federal contractor selections. While California successfully defended parts of AB 103 (allowing state oversight/inspections because they merely gathered data rather than halting operations), AB 32 was deemed an impermissible "veto" over federal authority, cementing the rule that a state cannot use its police powers to dismantle federal enforcement infrastructure.

200

Why shouldn't you answer camps and Life in California 100?

Dont worry about it...

300

Why were the people in California paid so bad?

So many people came to California that the supply of people went up so the land owners could pay people less without losing workers.

FDR Programs

100

Which program built many of the camps?

The FSA

200

What did the AAAs actually do.

give migrant farm owners money.

300

Which AAA program helped migrants?

Neither

World War Two

100

Give a reason the economy got better during WW2?

- War time industries provide jobs for many

- Massive federal spending

- High agricultural demand

200

How did WW2 benefit migrant workers?

- Wages doubled

- New jobs

300

What color was the slide 10?

Green and Yellow.

500

What was the code name for the top-secret British deception operation in 1943 that used a dead body carrying fake invasion plans (dispatched via a submarine off the coast of Spain) to trick Axis forces into believing the Allies would invade Greece and Sardinia instead of Sicily?

Operation Mincemeat