Immigration to Scotland, 1830-1939
Experience of immigrants to Scotland, 1830-1939
Scottish emigration, 1830s-1939
Experience of Scots abroad, 1830s-1939
100
Irish, Jewish, Italian, and English.
Who were the main groups that came to Scotland?
100
Coal mines. Iron works. Building canals and railways.
What sorts of jobs did Irish immigrants do?
100
Some were forced because of poverty or unemployment. Those in the Highlands often had no choice while those in the lowlands because they wanted a better standard of living. Poverty and homelessness were big factors. Agricultural depression was also another reason.
Why did Scots move abroad?
100
England. Canada. USA. Australia. New Zealand. India.
Where did Scots move to?
200
Push and Pull
What were the two main reason why people migrate?
200
Irish had a reputation as Strike breakers. Navvies had a reputation for drunken behaviour. Irish Catholics were seen as threat to the Protestant Scottish way of life.
Why were Irish immigrants treated badly by native Scots?
200
It was linked to economic problems. After a short post-war boom, Scotland struggled to get foreign orders. Heavy industries such as shipbuilding, engineering, steel and coal struggled with foreign competition. The collapse of the Herring industry was also a factor.
What problems in the 1920s led to more emigration?
200
Scotland produced far more university trained men than the rest of Britain. Scottish education was based on 'useful learning' which created skilled, practical workers. Scottish workers were skilled at agricultural work and industrial work such making ships, railway engines and steam engines. These were useful skills for countries that were developing their economies. Language also mattered as speaking English gave Scots an advantage over other immigrant groups. Most Scots were Protestant, which meant they did not face anti-Catholic discrimination. Many had Scots arrived with money to invest which was popular for countries wanting to develop their industries.
Why were many Scots successful abroad?
300
The famine of 1845-51. Availability of jobs due to the Industrial Revolution.
Why did Irish people come to Scotland and stay?
300
Creation of a new industry producing cigarettes. Through their work in the production of clothes.
How important was Jewish immigration to the economic growth of Scotland?
300
Landowners. Government Money. Charities. Emigration societies. Colonial Governments.
What sources of financial help were there for those who wanted to emigrate?
300
Whaling. Mining. Engineering. Sheep farming. Shipping. Iron works. Banking.
What role did Scots have in developing the economies of Australia and New Zealand?
400
Helped increase the industry and wealth of cities like Glasgow. Provided a workforce that would work for low wages helping Scotland's industry to expand. Job opportunities for Scots abroad. Market for Scottish goods.
What were the benefits of the British empire for Scotland?
400
Like the Catholic Irish, at first they were treated badly when they first arrived. Were used to break strikes working for less money than Scots which led to fighting. Soon they joined with Scots workers in campaigning for better pay and conditions.
Were Lithuanian immigrants treated badly by Scots?
400
Had offices in Scotland and gave regular talks and handed out leaflets.
What methods were used by colonial governments to encourage Scots to emigrate?
400
Warrigal massacre of Aboriginal people in Australia. Conflict with Maoris 1845-1872 in New Zealand.
Examples of the negative impacts Scots had on the native peoples of the Empire.
500
Large numbers of immigrants made housing and health problems worse. The bringing of new religions and ideas caused tension. Many who left Scotland were well-educated and their talents were lost. The Scottish economy became over-dependant on exports. It created competition for Scottish goods and products.
What were the negative effects of the Empire on Scotland?
500
Some helped in the heavy industries, while others were more involved in commercial activities. New jobs and skills added to Scotland's culture.
Did immigrants help the economic development of Scotland?
500
Hoped to attract well qualified farmers and workers to help develop their economies.
Why did colonial governments want Scottish immigrants?
500
Dalhousie, McGill and Queen's universities.
Examples of important universities founded by Scots in Canada.
M
e
n
u