Week 1
To exist, this is necessary for a living organism to consume.
What is free energy?
A carboxyl group, an amine group, and an R-group.
What are the three main components that make up an amino acid?
Molecular machines use ATP and this other nucleoside triphosphate.
What is GTP?
Site on a DNA molecule where replication begins.
What is replication origin?
A process that copies genetic information from DNA to RNA.
What is transcription?
Protons are released when these are dissolved in water.
What are acids?
It can identify conserved sequences vital to protein function.
Why is evolutionary tracing important?
This area of a chromosome binds sister chromatids together.
It creates more opportunities for mutation to occur without impacting vital functions, which can result in species divergence.
How does gene duplication promote genetic diversity?
Forms when two or more polypeptide subunits assemble into a functional protein.
Describe quaternary protein structure?
The kringle domain with a close N- and C- terminus is an example of this type of domain.
What is a plug-in type?
The highly accessible, actively transcribed form of chromatin, comprising about 20% of chromatin.
What is euchromatin?
This reversible catabolic reaction is energetically unfavorable and produces water as its byproduct.
This stabilizing bond forms when two cysteine side chains react.
What is a disulfide bond?
Michaelis-Menten constant that represents the substrate concentration where the enzyme's reaction rate reaches half its maximum velocity.
Describe Km?
Not well-conserved during evolution, this is bigger than a core histone.
What is a linker histone?
This change in free energy indicates that a reaction is energetically favorable and can proceed spontaneously.
What is a negative ΔG?
This fibrous protein has a triple-helix structure that is often associated with connective tissue.
Motor proteins use ATP hydrolysis to change between three different conformations and "walk" along a filament.
How do proteins generate movement?
Modification of histone lysine residues that neutralizes their positive charge and promotes more accessible chromatin.
What is histone acetylation?