Week 5: DNA replication, repair, and recombination
100
This enzyme "unzips" the DNA double helix at the replication fork by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs.
What is DNA helices?
100
Defines the transcription start site in eukaryotes.
What is a promoter?
100
The three-nucleotide code that encodes for a specific animo acid
What is a triplet codon?
100
The initiation codon and also methionine.
What is AUG?
100
Recognition and attachment of correct amino acids depend on this enzyme.
What is aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
200
The DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction, this strand is synthesized in short fragments called the Okazaki fragments.
What is lagging Strand?
200
The prokaryotic subunit component of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme that tells the overall structure how to read the signals in the DNA that tell it where to begin transcribing.
What is sigma factor?
200
The site on a ribosome in which a newly charged tRNA binds.
What is the A site?
200
This RNA molecule has a cloverleaf secondary structure and carries amino acids to the ribosome.
What is transfer RNAs (tRNA)?
200
Large cytoplasmic assemblies made up of several ribosomes along a single mRNA molecule allowing the cell to make more protein molecules.
What are Polyribosomes?
300
This enzyme relieves torsional strain ahead of the replication fork by cutting and rejoining DNA strands.
What is topoisomerase?
300
A set of interacting proteins that are crucial for initiation of eukaryotic transcription that help position eukaryotic RNA Pol II correctly at the promoter, aid in pulling apart the 2 DNA strands, release RNA Pol II from the promoter to start elongation, and are equivalent function to the prokaryotic "sigma factor" in bacteria.
What are general transcription factors?
300
EF-Tu and EF-G in prokaryotes
EF1 and EF2 in eukaryotes
What are elongation factors?
300
A flexible pairing rule in tRNA where the third nucleotide of a codon can form non‑standard hydrogen bonds with multiple bases, allowing one tRNA to recognize several codons and making the genetic code more efficient.
What is wobble base pairing?
300
Important in protecting proteins from incorrect folding patterns by allowing proteins multiple chances to find a favorable conformation.
What are molecular chaperones?
400
This stretch of RNA provides the free 3'-OH group that DNA polymerase needs to begin DNA synthesis.
What is RNA primer?
400
Which general transcription factor plays a role in recognizing the BRE element and accurately position RNA polymerase at the start site of transcription?
What is TFIIB?
400
An initiator complex consisting of a charged tRNA, EIF2, and GTP.
What is the ternary complex?
400
Translation termination is done through three codons.
What is UAA, UAG, and UGA?
400
This surveillance pathway degrades mRNAs with premature stop codons or faulty splicing.
What is nonsense-mediated mRNA decay?
500
In eukaryotic cells the DNA replication begins at multiple sites along each chromosome known as these.
What is origins of replication?
500
The overall large complex machinery of RNA and protein molecules that performs pre-mRNA splicing in the cell which ensures splicing of introns is more accurate is called
What is the spliceosome?
500
Subcellular organelle that plays a role in the degradation of unwanted or damaged proteins
What is a proteasome?
500
These two mechanisms help ribosomes ensure accurate tRNA selection during translation.
What are induced fit and kinetic proofreading?
500
These four steps make up the elongation cycle of translation.
What are tRNA binding, peptide bond formation, large subunit translocation and small subunit translocation?