Chemical Texture Basics
The process of chemically altering the natural wave pattern of hair is:
Chemical texture services
The range of numbers used in the pH scale is:
0-14 pH
Chemical side bonds formed when two sulfur-type chains are joined together are:
Disulfide bonds
Two methods of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are:
croquiqnole and spiral
Hydroxide relaxers that do not require the application of a protective base are_______.
No-base Relaxers
Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between:
9.0 and 9.6
Once in the cortex, the waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called:
Reduction
Hydrogen bonds are easily broken by water or heat and are re-formed when the hair is:
dried
Ends to the scalp
Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called:
Lye Relaxers
In most common reducing agents used are:
thioglycolic acids
In permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of:
Hydrogen
Hair that has too many disulfide bonds broken and will not hold a firm curl is considered
Overprocessed
In permanent waving, panels of the hair are divided into smaller subsections called:
Base sections
Relaxers are often marketed and sold as no mix- np lye relaxers are:
Potassium hydroxide relaxers
The process of rearranging the basic structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form is
Hair Relaxing/ Relaxers
__________ waves create a chemical reaction that heats the waving solution and speeds up processing
Exothermic
Hydroxide relaxers remove a sulfur atom from a disulfide bond, converting it into a(n)
Lanthionine bond
The wrapping technique that provides the most control over hair ends is the:
The active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers is the:
Hydrogen ion
The process that stops the action of permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair into a new form is:
Thio neutralization
In permanent waving, the size of the rod determines the size of the curl.
True or False
True
Salt bonds can be broken by water, whereas disulfide bonds are broken by changes in pH
False
*Salt bonds are broken by changes in pH
Rods that are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area are:
During a relaxer strand test, hair that is pressed to the scalp and continues to curl is ________________.
insufficiently relaxed/ Underprocessed