1
The active ingredient or reduction agent in alkaline permanent waves is_____.
What is ammonium thioglycolate
All acid waves have three components: permanent waving lotion, neutralizer, and ____.
What is activator
_____ waves are perms using an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so that there is very little odor associated with their use.
What is ammonia free
Hair that has too many broken disulfide bonds and will not hold a firm curl is considered _____.
What is overprocessed
What perm rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area?
What is straight rods
What is the second factor in the overall strength of the waving solution?
What is the degree of alkalinity
Most acid waves used in salons have a pH value between ____.
What is 7.8 and 8.2
It is important for stylists to remember that ammonia-free does not necessarily mean _____.
What is damage free
Overprocessed hair that is further processed will become _____ and cause further damage, including breakage.
What is straighter
What soft foam perm rods are usually about 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod?
What is soft bender rods
Alkaline waves, also known as ______, were developed in 1941.
What is cold waves
Modern acid waves are actually ______ waves, which are permanent waves that have a 7.0 or neutral pH.
What is acid-balanced waves
What waving solutions use an ingredient other than ATG, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine, as the primary reducing agent?
What is thio- free
The process that stops the action of permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair into its new form is called _____.
What is thio neutralization
_____, also known as circle rods, are usually about 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod, and are secured by fastening the ends together to form a loop.
What is loop rods
Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between ____.
What is 9.0 and 9.6
Exothermic waves create a chemical reaction that heats the waving solution and speeds up ____.
What is processing
_____ waves are permanent solutions based on sulfites, considered very weak, and are usually marketed as body waves or alternative waves.
What is low pH
What is the most common neutralizer?
What is hydrogen peroxide
The _____ is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped, providing the most control over the hair ends.
What is double flat wrap
What is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions?
What is glyceryl monothioglycolate
Waves that are activated from an outside heat source, such as a conventional hood-type hair dryer, are____ waves.
What is endothermic
In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place as soon as the solution penetrates the hair, within the first _____.
What is 5-10 minutes
What is the most common types of perm rods?
What is concave rods
The ____ uses only one end paper, placed over the top of the hair strand.
What is single flat wrap