Chemical Structures
What's the difference between physical and chemical change?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! Give examples of each
physical - change physical properties like color, solubility, odor, density, melting point, hardness, and glossiness
chemical - change in chemical properties by chemical reaction [hair dye, rusting, burning wood, hair perming]
What is an unstable mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid?
Suspension
Which safety devices prevent the overheating of electric wires? (2)
fuses and circuit breakers
What's the difference between wavelength and waveform?
DOUBLE JEPOARDY! Compare long and short wavelengths
Wavelength- distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves
Waveform- measurement of the distance between two wavelengths
DOUBLE JEPOARDY! Long wavelengths have low frequency (less frequent waveforms) and short wavelengths have higher frequency (more frequent waveforms)
What is the difference between a non conductor and conductor?
DOUBLE JEPOARDY! What's another name for a conductor?
Conductor: any material that conducts electricity
Non conductor: a material that does not transmit electricity
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! insulator
What is the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions?
Ionization
What is an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! What special ingredient can you use that will allow these incompatible material to mix and bind together?
Emulsion
DOUBLE JEOAPRDY! Emulsifier
What's the difference between a two prong and three prong device?
For added protection, some appliances (especially ones with metal casings) have a third circular electric connection that is a grounding pin. This is called a three-prong plug.
What is the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal?
Light Therapy or phototherapy
What's the difference between a direct and alternating current?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! What two apparatuses can be used to change the current?
Direct: (DC) constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means [INVERTER]
Alternating: (AC) rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction; produced by mechanical means and changes directions 60 times per second [RECTIFIER]
What are acid-alkali neutralization reactions?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! Provide example
when acids are mixed with alkalis in equal proportions
Example: neutralizing shampoos
What's the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions?
Exothermic - releases heat
Endothermic - absorption energy or heat from an external source for a reaction to occur
What's the difference between oxidizing and reducing agents?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! What is caused when agents are present?
oxidizing - releases oxygen
reducing - adds hydrogen or subtracts oxygen
Oxidation-Reduction or Redox
What's a watt?
DOUBLE JEPOARDY! What's the term for 1,000W?
unit that measures how electric energy is being used in one second
DOUBLE JEPOARDY! kilowatt
What's the difference between an anode and cathode?
DOUBLE JEPOARDY! List three modalities we use these electrodes.
Anode: positive electrode of the electrotherapy device (usually marked red or +)
Cathode: negative electrode of the electrotherapy device (usually marked black or -)
DOUBLE JEPOARDY! galvanic current, microcurrent, and Tesla high frequency current
What is a contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! Describe the molecule
Surfactants
hydrophilic head w/ lipophilic tail
What's the difference between O/W emulsions and W/O emulsions?
O/W: oil in water; oil droplets in water
W/O: water in oil; water droplets in oil
All electrical appliances used in the salon, spa, or barbershop should be _____ certified.
UL (Underwriters Laboratories)
List and describe the three forms of ultraviolet lights.
Ultraviolet A (UVA) light has the longest wavelength of the UV light spectrum and penetrates directly into the dermis of the skin, damaging collagen and elastin. This is the light often used in tanning beds.
Ultraviolet B (UVB) light is often called the burning light because it is most associated with sunburns.
Ultraviolet C (UVC) light is blocked by the ozone layer. It is effective at killing bacteria, viruses, mold, and other pathogens
What is a volt and why is it important?
Volt - unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor
Normal tool are 120V; some machines run 240V
Describe the relationship between an atom, element, and molecule.
atom (basic unit of matter)
number of protons in atom determines the element
molecule can be elemental or compound based upon the elements
Describe the relationship between solution, solute, and solvent?
solute is dissolved in the solvent to make a solution
[You "salute" to solve the solution]
Combustible material is capable of igniting and burning. Compared to this, flammable material is even easier to ignite—combustible liquid has a flash point between 100 and 200 degrees Fahrenheit, while flammable liquid has a flash point below 100 degrees.
Natural sunlight is made up of three types of light: list lights and percentages
Visible light 35%
Invisible infrared 60%
Invisible ultraviolet 5%
Which apparatus conducts electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client’s skin?
DOUBLE JEPOARDY! There is one facial device that you have worked with that only uses one electrode. What is it?
electrode
DOUBLE JEPOARDY! high frequency