Key Centres
What is the tonic key of the first movement?
G Major
Where was the Military symphony first performed?
London, England
What does the abbreviation pizz. stand for and what does it mean?
Pizzicato, plucked (on a string instrument)
Describe the dynamics of the following section:
(0:49-1:57)
Alternates between piano and forte/fortissimo by using rapid crescendos.
What form is the first movement?
A slow introduction, then Sonata Form
What is the key of the B section in the second movement?
C minor with a modulation to Eb major (the relative major)
Why is it called the milary symphony? Give at least 2 reasons.
The "Turkish" instruments: the triangle, bass drum and cymbals and the trumpet and timpani fanfare in the 2nd movement
What does Adagio mean?
Slowly
After the initial alternating melodic line in the violins and harmony in the rest of the orchestra, the texture is monophonic, with all instruments playing the the decending motif.
What comes after the development section in the first movement?
The recapitulation
Why did Haydn choose C major for the key of the second movement?
It was the traditional key of second movements in symphony, the key most associated with Turkish instruments, and the most common key for Classical composers writing for trumpets and drums.
Why is Haydn called the Father of the Symphony?
He wrote 104, many more than any other major composer.
What does Allegro mean and how does it compare to Allegretto?
Quick and lively, Allegretto is slightly slower.
Which movement is this from and what section would you expect to hear next?
Movement 2, Repeat of the A section
How is the second movement different from the usual Classical symphony´s second movement?
It is faster than usual.
What is the relationship of D major to G major?
D major is the V (dominant) of G major
Name at least one musical influence on Haydn.
Upbrining: sang, played violin and organ and learned baroque styles at St Stephen’s Cathedral
Working as a Kapellmeister for Count Morzin: leading and composing music for keyboard, sacred works and some early symphonies for his small orchestra.
Long time position with the Esterhazy family, which afforded him a lot of security and some amount of musical freedom
Trips to Vienna: met Mozart and other musicians
Second movement of Symphony no 100: re-orchestrated version of the third concerto for Lira Organizzata (a type of hurdy-gurdy) which he wrote for the King of Naples
What does the abbreviation div. stand for and what does it mean?
Divisi, the part should be divided between players (for example, half the violins play the top notes and half play the bottom notes)
What type of cadence does this section end with?
(0-:22)
Imperfect
Explain the stucture of the Exposition.
First subject, a transition (to the dominant key of D Major), second subject, Codetta
Name one key used in the development section of the first movement.
B flat major, D minor, E minor, F major, D major
Why was Haydn in London when he wrote the military symphony?
He had been invited by Johann Peter Salomon because he was employed by the Esterhazy family but the Prine Anton did not like music so he disbanded his orchestra. This left Haydn free to explore other avenues.
What does the symbol tr~ mean and how should it be played?
Trill, alternate rapidly between the written note and one note higher in the key signature
How does the first playing of the melody differ from the repeat? (at least 2 differences)
(2-2:16)
The first time it is played by flute(s) and oboes doubling in thirds. The 2nd oboe has a kind of bass line. Ends with an imperfect cadence.
Second time by the strings (without double basses) repeat the first subject, with the melody in violins, the bass line in the cellos and a further harmony part in the violas.
Second time ends with a perfect cadence.
What purpose does the Development section serve?
Fragments of themes are manipulated and heard in a variety of keys (developing the ideas of the exposition)