Properties of Minerals
Name at least 4 of the 7 characteristic properties of minerals
color, streak, luster, hardness, density, crystal structure, cleavage and fracture
what is their grain
The step in the rock cycle that creates the sediment from which sedimentary rock is formed.
Weathering and erosion
What are the 3 major groups of rocks?
Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
Name the 3 major fossil fuels
Coal, oil, and natural gas
The term that describes how light reflects from a minerals surface.
a. color
b. luster
c. cleavage
d. streak
b. luster
the texture of slate is said to be BLANK because its mineral particles can be seen only with a microscope
fine-grain
As layer upon layer of sediments are deposited, the process of BLANK presses them together.
cementation
The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it is
a. compaction
b. cementation
c. deposition
d. erosion
c. deposition
Why are fossil fuels considered non-renewable resources?
Because it takes hundreds of millions years for them to form
The splitting of a mineral along flat surfaces is a property called...
cleavage
Sedimentary rock made up of rock fragments with rounded edges
a. shale
b. sandstone
c. conglomerate
d. breccia
c. conglomerate
Describe a pathway through the rock cycle in which magma becomes sedimentary rock
magma cools into igneous rock. Igneous rock is then weathered/eroded into sediment. sediment deposits in layers and the pressure cements it into sedimentary rock
As layer upon layer of sediments are deposited, the process of BLANK presses them together.
what is cementation
petrochemicals are compounds that are made from the fossil fuel...
oil
A mineral made up of a pure element is
a. coal
b. copper
c. quartz
d. glass
b. copper
Describe what geologists do to determine the mineral composition of a rock.
observe rock's mineral composition, color, and texture
Explain why metamorphic rock rarely forms at Earth's surface
The deeper you go into Earth, the hotter it gets and the more pressure there is. So deep underground has the right conditions for metamorphic rock to form.
Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth's surface can change any rock into what other type of rock?
metamorphic rock
The fossil fuel that is presents in the largest amounts in the United States
Coal
What would you expect to happen if you rubbed a mineral of hardness 7.5 against a piece of quartz (hardness 7)
The quartz would get scratched
Below is a list of minerals and their hardness according to the Mohs Hardness Scale. Which of the minerals below would scratch quartz (hardness 7)
talc- 1
gypsum- 2
calcite- 3
fluorite- 4
topaz- 8
diamond- 10
topaz and diamond
Describe two pathways through the rock cycle in which igneous rock can become metamorphic rock
1. igneous rock is weathered/eroded into sediment. sediment deposits in layers and increasing pressure cements it into sedimentary rock. sedimentary rock is subjected to intense heat and pressure turning it into metamorphic rock.
2. igeneous rock is subjected to intense heat and pressure changing it to metamorphic rock
Igneous rock commonly used as building material
a. sandstone
b. marble
c. slate
d. granite
d. granite
What are 3 common uses of oil?
fuel for cars, trains, planes, etc
heating homes
make plastic, paints, meds, and cosmetics