Earth's Interior
The Outer Layer of Earth
What is the Crust?
What are the properties of minerals
color, streak, luster, hardness, density, crystal structure, cleavage, and fracture
Maria gets a kit that lets you grow a mineral. The instructions say to pour a packet of liquid into a small container and to place the container in a sunny area. Maria follows the directions, and when the liquid evaporates, she observes tiny minerals that are left behind in the container. What is this process called?
A. oxidation
B. crystallization
C. altering minerals
D. organic mineral formation
B
If Mineral Hardness depends on the strength of the bonds in the minerals crystal structure, which minerals do you think have the strongest bonds
hardest minerals
What is an Igneous Rock
Rock that forms from cooled magma or lava
Seismic Wave
vibrations that travel through earth carrying energy released during an earthquake
can form from materials that were not a part of a living thing
. Evan reads that some minerals can come from organic processes. Where does the energy ultimately come from that is needed for organic materials to be made?
Sun
If earths radius is 6,400km and the core is 3,480km then how much of that radius is the core?
a little over half
forms when a rock is changed by heat or pressure or by chemical reactions
What is a metamorphic rock
Pressure causes what
heat
. How can pressure cause rocks to change? Circle the words that correctly complete the sentences below.
The cementing of small pieces of rock or shell causes (metamorphic / igneous / sedimentary / magma) rock to form. When rocks are buried below the surface, pressure combined with heat causes (metamorphic / igneous / magma / sedimentary) rock to form.
Sedimentary, Metamorphic
Do rocks always follow the same steps when they go through the rock cycle? Give an example to support your answer.
Minerals formed as magma cools
quartz and feldspar
forms when small articles of rocks or remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
What is a sedimentary rock
A student is watching a video in order to understand how convection in the mantle of Earth occurs. The video shows rock rising and sinking to make convection currents in the mantle. Which process is responsible for causing rock to rise?
Rock is heated.
Kim learns how rocks can change from one type into another over a long period of time. She knows that a rock that undergoes extreme heat and pressure below the surface of Earth can be turned into a metamorphic rock. What processes could cause a metamorphic rock to return to the surface of Earth to be worn down again? Choose the two that apply.
A. deposition
B. plate movement
C. chemical changes
D. wind or water erosion
b,d
Which of the following can occur after a rock is weathered?
A. It forms metamorphic rock.
B. It melts and forms igneous rock.
C. The sediment can form magma.
D. It gets compacted and forms sedimentary rock.
D
Minerals can be differentiated by their properties. Density is one property that can be used to tell different minerals apart. A mineralogist is testing a sample of a mineral that has a mass of 5 g and a volume of 2.5. Use the chart and the formula for density (Density = Mass/Volume) to determine which type of mineral the sample is.
A. Pitticite
B. Morenosite
C. Grayite
D. Trimounsite
b
Metamorphic rock forms sediment by?
Weathering and erosion
Most S-Waves form an earthquake and then disappear at a distance of about 11,500 kilometers from the epicenter of the earthquake. In the structure of Earth's Interior, why does this happen?
s-waves cannot travel through liquid. any S-waves moving through the earth that hit the liquid outer core are stopped.
A teacher is explaining the steps in the process of convection to her class. She describes how convection in the mantle of Earth is responsible for causing new rock to form. Number the sentences below to put the steps of rock formation by convection in the order in which they occur.
______ Rock is heated in the lower parts of the mantle.
______ Old parts of the plates sink downward.
______ Rising hot rock forms new crust, which moves the old crust.
______ The rock becomes less dense and rises.
1,4,3,2
Evan examines a diagram of the rock cycle in his science textbook. He wonders how he can connect what he has learned about matter and energy to the rock cycle. Which statement explains what happens to material as it moves through the stages of the rock cycle?
A. New matter is being created all of the time.
B. The same matter is recycled over and over.
C. Eventually the broken-down matter disappears.
D. Old matter is destroyed and new matter takes its place.
b
Ena is making a model to show three different rocks going through the steps of the rock cycle. Which of the following examples might Ena include in her model?
A. Magma flows up to the surface and cools into solid rock, which gets eroded into small pieces, and eventually forms new rock.
B. Magma flows up to the surface and cools into solid rock, which gets pushed downward by new rock forming on top, and eventually liquefying into magma again.
C. The erosion of mountains forms all rocks, and the small pieces eventually clump together to create larger rocks.
D. Magma flows up from underwater volcanoes where it turns into solid rock, which then gets pushed by the tides to the shore and wind pushes them inland.
b
An igneous rock with melting forms
Magma and Lava