Rocks
What is a Rock?
Solid, Natural material made up of one or more minerals.
Made of pieces of rocks and minerals.
How does Igneous Rocks form?
Forms from Magma that cools and hardens.
What is Relative Dating?
Scientists use Sedimentary rock to date past events.
How is soil formed?
-Begins when exposed rock begins to breakdown.
-The rocks break up into smaller pieces.
-Air and water fill the space between the pieces of rock.
-Bacteria, fungi, and plants begin to grow among the particles of rock. When they die they decay and form soil.
What are crystals?
Made up of Minerals, These particles are arranged in a repeating pattern.
What is found in a sedimentary rock?
Fossils are found in this layer and it is used in relative dating.
What is an example of an Igneous rock?
Basalt
When do fossils form?
When organisms are buried in soft mud. Minerals replace the parts of the organism that did not rot away.
What are the 3 layers of soil?
Topsoil
Subsoil
Parent Rock
What are Minerals?
Natural, Nonliving solid with a definite chemical structure.
How do Sedimentary rocks form?
Layers
What is a metamorphic Rock?
Made from sedimentary or igneous rock
What is soil?
made up of weathered rock, air, water and organic matter.
What is top soil?
What is subsoil?
What is parent rock?
mixture of small rock, humus, and other organic matter. (richest layer)
Less organic matter than top soil
little or no organic matter...mostly rock.
What is the Rock Cycle?
Rocks breakdown and minerals in them become recycled.
What are examples of sedimentary rocks?
Limestone and Sandstone
How does metamorphic rocks form?
When heat, pressure or chemical reactions change one type of rock.
What is Organic Matter?
Any substance that is made up of living things or the remains of living things.
What are the types of soil? Describe
Clay soil-fine grained and holds water extremely well
Silt Soil- medium grained
Sandy soil- large grained and hold water poorly.
What identifies a mineral?
Hardness(Mohos Scale), crystal shape, cleavage pattern, color(streak test), luster(shiny)
What is an Igneous rock?
Some of these rocks harden below Earths surface. Others form when lava cools at the surface
What is an example of Metamorphic Rock?
Marble
What is Humus?
Dark-Colored, organic matter formed from decayed plants and animal remains.
How can you predict the type of soil that will appear in an area?
On what type of rocks are in the area