Matter
A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical or physical means.
What is an element?
Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called this
What are Isotopes of that element?
These are the five characteristics of a mineral
What are: naturally occurring, solid, definite chemical composition, crystalline structure, and inorganic?
This is what minerals are classified by
What is their composition?
This is the first property that is usually observed of minerals
What is color?
The smallest particle of an element that still retains the characteristics of that element.
This is what forms when two or more elements chemically combine
What is a compound?
These are the four process that can result in the formation of minerals
What are: crystallization of magma, precipitation, pressure and temperature, and hydrothermal solutions?
What are silicates and carbonates?
These are four of the eight properties of minerals
What are: Color, streak, hardness, luster, cleavage, fracture, density, and crystal form
The particles that make up an atom.
What are protons, neutrons, and electrons?
This is the reason that atoms form chemical bonds with other elements
What is because the highest energy levels do not contain the maximum electrons (8)?
The name of the process that causes substances to be left behind after water from lakes and ponds evaporate, forming minerals
What is precipitation?
This is the group of minerals that contains only one type of element, such as gold and platinum
What are native elements?
This property describes how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral. Examples include: pearly, silky, metallic
What is luster?
This is what the atomic number of an element represents.
What is the number of protons in the element?
The three types of chemical bonds we learned about are
What are: ionic, covalent, and metallic
Mixtures of very hot water and dissolved substances. This is a natural process that creates minerals
What are hydrothermal solutions?
This is the element that the sulfides and sulfates mineral groups contain
What is sulfur?
This is the property of minerals that is measured by Moh's scale
What is hardness?
The charge that protons, neutrons, and electrons have.
What is: proton - postive; neutron - neutral; electron - negative.
This is the difference between ionic and covalent bonding
What is: covalent share electrons, ionic gain or lose electrons
This is how pressure and temperature affects minerals, causing them to form crystals
What is that they cause the structures to recrystallize or rearrange?
What are oxygen and a metal?
This is the difference between cleavage and fracture
What is: cleavage breaks along even, flat surfaces and fracture has uneven breaks?