Minerals
This characteristic of a mineral describes the way light reflects off of a mineral
Luster
This can cool and harden and form igneous rock
Magma/Lava
These are little pieces of rocks, pebbles, mineral grains, and shell fragments that eventually form rocks
Sediments
What two ingredients are needed to form metamorphic rocks?
Heat and Pressure
What form of rock covers most of Earth's surfaces?
Sedimentary
Talc can be scratched with a fingernail and a penny. Flourite can't be scratched with a fingernail but can be scratched with a penny. Which is harder, talc or flourite?
Flourite
When magma cool beneath the Earth's surface a _______ igneous rock is formed
Intrusive
What are the three types of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic, Crystalline, & Bioclastic
How would you describe a rock that has foliation?
The rock has bands and/or stripes
What is the name of the process that changes sediments into a sedimentary rock?
Lithification
Provide at least 3 of the 5 parts of the definition of a mineral.
1. Solid at room temperature 2. Naturally occurring 3. Inorganic 4. Definitive chemical composition 5. Crystalline structure
This type of igneous rock is black with a glassy texture. We looked at it in class.
Obsidian
Which type of weathering works most effectively on limestone?
Chemical Weathering
This type of metamorphism can create entire mountain ranges
Regional metamorphism
What is the most abundant mineral on Earth?
Quartz
What are the two properties that involve breaking the minerals
Cleavage and Fracture
What is the name of the scale that shows the order that minerals form and which minerals are used to make certain igneous rocks?
Bowen's Reaction Series
What unique find can you sometimes discover in sedimentary rocks, but never in igneous or metamorphic rocks?
Fossils
What kind of metamorphism occurs when rock reacts with very hot water and alters its chemistry?
Hydrothermal Metamorphism
Why is ice not considered a mineral?
It is not solid at room temperature
What mineral group is the most common and what two elements are they made of?
Silicates; Silicon & Oxygen
What determines the size of crystals that form in igneous rocks
How can you tell apart a conglomerate from a breccia?
Both are coarse-grained sed. rocks, but the sediments in conglomerates are rounded. Breccia's are angular.
What determines what grade of metamorphic rock is formed when formed by contact metamorphism?
Closeness to heat source
What is the most abundant organic sedimentary rock on Earth?
Limestone