Minerals
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
The Rock Cycle
100
The repeating pattern of a minerals particles form a solid called a...
Crystal
100
How does igneous rock form?
Igneous rock forms when magma or lava cools and harden.
100
Describe what sediment is.
Sediment is small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things.
100
Describe how metamorphic rock is formed.
When a rock undergoes heat and pressure, it will change into a metamorphic rock.
100
Describe how granite can transform into sandstone.
Granite, an igneous rock, can be weathered and broken down into sand. Erosion caused the sediment to move and as deposition occurs, layers are formed. These layers, after hundreds of years of compaction will cement together creating sandstone.
200
What does it mean when something is inorganically made?
The substance is made from materials that were never living.
200
What is the difference between extrusive rock and intrusive rock?
Extrusive rock: forms from lava, outside of Earth Intrusive rock: forms from magma, inside of Earth
200
The process by which sediment stops and settles is called...
Deposition
200
Where would you expect to find a large amount of metamorphic rock?
Near mountain ranges and plate boundaries
200
The process by which metamorphic rock changes to igneous rock begins with what?
Melting
300
What is a compound?
Something that is made up of two or more elements.
300
Granite has large crystals and large particles that can be seen easily. What kind of grain size does granite have?
Coarse-grained
300
The difference between weathering and erosion is...
Weathering - the process of Earth being broken down by outside forces and becoming sediment Erosion - forces that move sediment
300
Describe the main difference between foliated rock and non foliated rock.
Foliated rock: Describes the thin flat layering of rock. Nonfoliated rock: Describes the random pattern of the rocks grain.
300
What can turn igneous rock into sediment? Give 2 examples.
Weathering - acid rain, running water, roots breaking apart soil.
400
What is the difference between a minerals color and its streak?
A minerals color is that color that the mineral appears to be. The minerals streak is the color of the minerals powder.
400
Basalt is low in silica and forms from lava. What color will it have?
Dark Color
400
A sedimentary rock with sediment with rounded edges is known as having what kind of grain?
Rounded-grained
400
Name two ways metamorphic rock is used.
Construction and sculpture
400
How would two plates moving away from each other affect the rock cycle?
Magma would escape through the gap becoming lava. The lava cools becoming igneous rock.
500
Describe the difference between minerals that have formed from magma versus minerals that have formed from lava.
Magma: Forms intrusively, cooling slowly, forming large crystals Lava: Forms extrusively, cooling quickly, forming small crystals
500
The most common form of intrusive igneous rock is...
Granite
500
Describe the process of how sedimentary rock is formed.
Rock and earth is broken down into sediment by weathering. Erosion moves the sediment which is eventually deposited. Layers form over time and the weight of the upper layers compacts the lower layers. Over time, the minerals in the rock begin to crystallize and cementation causes the sediment to glue together forming rock.
500
Explain why metamorphic rock rarely forms near Earth's surface.
Metamorphic rock requires a great deal of heat and pressure to form. There is very little heat and pressure near Earth's surface.
500
What kind of rocks can be transformed into metamorphic rock?
All of them.
M
e
n
u