Inventions
What manufacturing technique pioneered by Henry Ford transformed automobile production?
Assembly Lines
Who created the Bessemer steel process? Need first and last name.
Henry Bessemer
What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?
Abolished Slavery
How did mass production affect American consumer culture?
A. It eliminated competition among businesses.
B. It made goods cheaper and more accessible, fueling consumer demand.
C. It discouraged urbanization.
D. It reduced the availability of goods.
B. It made goods cheaper and more accessible, fueling consumer demand.
This institutionalized racial segregation and reinforced white supremacy.
Jim Crow Laws
How did the assembly line transform industrial production?
By increasing the speed and affordability of manufacturing.
How did women’s rights activists respond to the 14th and 15th Amendments?
Women argued that these amendments did not fully secure women's rights and campaigned for additional reforms.
This facilitated the movement & transportation of goods and resources, boosting industrial growth.
Transcontinental Railroad
What U.S. company became a global presence by controlling resources like bananas in Latin America?
United Fruit Company
What was the significance of the 14th Amendment?
Ended Segregation
What technological innovation improved communication during the Gilded Age? (There are 2)
The telegraph and telephone
This photographer helped expose the exploitation of child labor in factories and mines.
Lewis Hine
What made steel production faster and cheaper, while also making the steel even stronger?
Bessemer Process
What resource discovery in 1859 revolutionized the U.S. oil industry?
Oil in Pennsylvania
This organization provided education, healthcare, and legal support to formerly enslaved individuals.
The Freedmen's Bureau
These new building styles soon became prominent in large cities due to stronger steel.
Sky Scrapers
What occurred as a result of the end of Reconstruction in the South?
A. The rise of white supremacist regimes and institutionalized segregation.
B. Immediate nationwide equality.
C. Unprecedented federal protection of African American civil rights.
D. The permanent removal of racial barriers.
A. The rise of white supremacist regimes and institutionalized segregation.
What business strategy involves controlling every step of production, from raw materials to distribution?
Vertical Integration
This labor union was prominent in improving working conditions, wages, and hours for laborers.
Knights of Labor
How did the 15th Amendment expand civil rights in the United States?
By prohibiting voting discrimination based on race, color, or previous servitude.
Explain ONE way technological innovation transformed industrial production in the United States during the late 19th century. Provide an example of inventions that contributed to this innovation.
Answers will vary.
The introduction of mass production using assembly lines. This innovation made it possible to produce goods faster, cheaper, and in much larger quantities than ever before.
Instead of a single worker building an entire product, assembly lines broke production into small, repetitive tasks, with each worker responsible for one step. This increased efficiency and reduced the need for highly skilled labor, allowing factories to scale up production dramatically.
Key inventions that contributed to this innovation include mechanized conveyor belts and improved machine tools, which helped move products from one station to another and ensured standardized parts.
Explain ONE effect/impact of sharecropping on African Americans in the post-Reconstruction South. Be sure to provide an example within your answer.
Answers will vary.
It trapped many families in a cycle of debt and economic dependence, limiting their ability to achieve true freedom after slavery.
Under sharecropping, African American farmers rented land from white landowners and paid for it with a portion of their crops. However, they often had to buy seeds, tools, and supplies on credit at high interest rates. Because crop prices fluctuated and harvests could be poor, many sharecroppers ended each year owing more money than they earned.
This made all types of goods available to rural Americans.
Mail-order Catalogs
What labor strike highlighted the tensions between workers and industrial leaders in the Gilded Age?
Haymarket Affair/Riot
Which Supreme Court decision upheld racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine?
Plessy VS. Ferguson