Chromosomes & Mitosis
What structure contains DNA wrapped around proteins?
wrapped around proteins?Chromosome
What is an allele?
A different form of a gene
What tool predicts the probability of genetic crosses?
Punnett square
What process copies DNA into mRNA?
Transcription
What is a mutation?
Change in DNA sequence
How many chromosomes do human body cells have?
46
What is a dominant allele?
An allele that is expressed when present
What are the genotypes of offspring from TT x tt?
Tt, Tt, Tt, Tt
What process uses mRNA to assemble proteins?
Translation
What is a point mutation?
A change in a single base pair
What is the main purpose of mitosis?
To divide the nucleus and create two identical cells
What is a phenotype?
Physical appearance of a trait
What is the phenotypic ratio of two heterozygous parents?
3:1
Where does translation occur?
In the ribosome
What is a frameshift mutation?
Insertion or deletion that shifts the reading frame
Name the four stages of mitosis in order.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What does it mean to be heterozygous?
Having one dominant and one recessive allele
What percent of offspring from Aa x Aa will be aa?
25%
What molecule carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes?
mRNA
How can mutations affect proteins?
They can change the amino acid sequence
What is the result of uncontrolled cell division?
Cancer
Who is considered the “father of genetics”?
Gregor Mendel
What is a dihybrid cross used for?
To track inheritance of two traits
What does tRNA do?
Carries amino acids to ribosomes
What are chromosomal mutations?
Large-scale changes in chromosome structure