PATHO/RISK
FBS of 100-126 mg/dl
What is pre-diabetes?
HgbA1c
Measurement of average glucose over 3 months span.
Initial classic signs of diabetes 1 and 2
What is polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria?
Too much exercise, too much insulin, insuficient food intake?
What are causes of hypoglycemia?
measurse the average blood glucose control over three months
What is HbA1c
Islets of Langerhans
Where is insulin produced?
60-110 mg/dl
What is the normal fasting blood glucose range?
Cold and clammy skin, need some candy? Also blurred vision, shakiness, anxiety.
What are manifestations of hypoglycemia
Intervention for hypoglycemia
What is administer 15 G carbs, retest glucose in 15 minutes?
Medical emergency that can occur r/t hypoglycemia?
What is seizures, coma, death?
obesity, HLD, HTN, sedentary lifestyle, high fat diet
Risk factors for diabetes
Criteria for dx of diabetes
What is FBS over 126 mg/dl or 2 hr post prandial glucose over 200 mg/dl?
Hot & dry skin, sugar high? Also fruity (acetone breath), acidosis, nausea, vomiting, s/s dehydration
What is manifestations of hyperglycemia
Nursing intervention for hyperglycemia
What is adminster insulin (sliding scale), hydrate, monitor and replace K+
Extreme hyperglycemia with blood glucose greater than 600.
What is HHNS?
Not enough production of insulin from the destruction of pancreatic cells.
What is the cause of Type 1 Diabetes?
Abnormal urinalysis findings in diabetic
What are ketones in urine?
Elevated blood sugar at dawn? R/t insufficient HS insulin.
What is dawn Phenomenon
What is the rotation of site, schedule, sliding scale coverage, BGM, sick days, foot care, hyper/hypo management, dietary, and alcohol moderation?
Diabetic teaching for IDDM
Peak insulin times
What is 1 hour for rapid release (Humulog, asparte) Also 2-3 hours for short-acting (regular) , 4-12 hours for intermediate (NPH, Lente) Long acting: no peak
Type 1, Type II , gestational, drug-induced?
What are Types of diabetes
Target goal for HbA1c for clients with diabetes
What is 6.5-7%
Numbness & burning of feet and legs
What is peripheral neuropathy?
Diabetic foot assessment
What is assessment for excessive dryness, sole of foot, moisture between toes, calluses, nails, sensory loss, ROM?
A potential complication of peripheral neuropathy
What is diabetic ulcers, gangrene, amputation.