PATHO/RISK
FBS of 100-126 mg/dl
What is pre-diabetes?
HgbA1c
What is glycosolated hemoglobin? Measurement of averages glucose over 3 months span.
Initial classic signs of diabetes 1 and 2
What is polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria?
What is too much exercise, too much insulin, insuficient food intake?
What are causes of hypoglycemia?
measurse the average blood glucose control over three months
What is HbA1c
Islets of Langerhans
Where is insulin produced?
60-110 mg/dl
What is the normal fasting blood glucose range?
What is cold and clammy skin, need some candy? Also blurred vision, shakiness, anxiety.
Manifestations of hypoglycemia
Intervention for hypoglycemia
What is administer 15 G carbs, retest glucose in 15 minutes?
Medical emergency that can occur r/t hypoglycemia?
What is seizures, coma, death?
obesity, HLD, HTN, sedentary lifestyle, high fat diet
Risk factors for diabetes
Criteria for dx of diabetes
What is FBS over 126 mg/dl or 2 hr post prandial glucose over 200 mg/dl?
What is hot & dry skin, sugar high? Also fruity (acetone breath), acidosis, nausea, vomiting, s/s dehydration
Manifestations of hyperglycemia
Nursing intervention for hyperglycemia
What is adminster insulin (sliding scale), hydrate, monitor and replace K+
Potential complications of hyperglycemia
What is DKA?
not enough production of insulin and too much glucose in blood
what is Causes of hyperglycemia
Abnormal urinalysis findings in diabetic
What are ketones in urine?
What is elevated blood sugar at dawn? R/t insufficient HS insulin.
Dawn Phenomenon
What is rotation of site, schedule, sliding scale coverage, BGM, sick days, foot care, hyper/hypo management, dietary, alcohol moderation?
Diabetic teaching for IDDM
Peak insulin times
What is 1 hour for rapid release (Humulog, asparte) Also 2-3 hours for short-acting (regular) , 4-12 hours for intermediate (NPH, Lente) Long acting: no peak
Type 1, Type II , gestational, drug-induced?
What is Types of diabetes
target goal for HbA1c for clients with diabetes
What is 7%
Numbness & burning of feet and legs
What is peripheral neuropathy?
What is assessment for excessive dryness, sole of foot, moisture between toes, corns, calluses, nails, sensory loss, ROM?
Diabetic foot assessment
Potential complication of peripheral neuropathy
What is diabetic ulcers, gangrene, amputation.