Cell Cycle and Division
Mitosis vs Meiosis
DNA Replication
Heredity
Protein Synthesis
100
Stage in which the cell spends the majority of its time
Interphase
100
A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes are found in the "daughter" cell?
46
100
Why is DNA replication said to be semiconservative? A. Each new DNA double helix contains half the original double helix. B. The same genes are passed from parent to offspring without modification. C. The nucleus has a large supply of alleles for the formation of new gametes. D. Enzymes join nucleotides together with strong bonds to form complementary strands
A. Each new DNA double helix contains half the original double helix.
100
A trait in cows is determined by two alleles of a single gene: allele R is dominant, and allele r is recessive. What is the probability of the dominant phenotype of the trait being expressed in the offspring of one RR parent and one rr parent?
100% (ALL offspring would be Rr and express the dominant phenotype)
100
Put the following steps of Translation in order A. bonds form between amino acids B. tRNA carries amino acids to ribosome C. amino acid chain is released D. codon on mRNA pairs with anticodon on one end of tRNA E. mRNA attaches to ribosome
E, B , D, A, C
200
During the S phase of interphase what is being doubled?
DNA
200
A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes Meiosis, How many chromosomes are found in the "daughter" cells?
23
200
A 20-base DNA sequence undergoes replication. What is the length of each new daughter sequence? A. 5 bases B. 10 Bases C. 20 Bases D. 40 Bases
20 Bases
200
Eye color, hair color and height are all controlled by many genes. What type of inheritance is this said to be?
Polygenic
200
Transcription is the formation of ______ from a DNA strand. Where does this occur in the cell? A. Protein , Golgi B. RNA , Ribosome C. tRNA , Amino acids D. mRNA , Nucleus
D. mRNA, Nucleus
300
During the cell cycle, if the cell skips the G2 checkpoint, making sure that the S phase went correctly, what is most likely going to be the outcome? A. A daughter cell with too much DNA B. A daughter cell with too little DNA C. A daughter cell with not enough cytoplasm D. A daughter cell with too much cytoplasm
B. A daughter cell with too little DNA (if the S phase did not properly synthesis another DNA molecule, there will not be enough DNA for two functional cells)
300
Which of these results in the formation of gametes?
Meiosis
300
A DNA molecule is unwound by DNA helicase and this is one of the strands ATTCGTGACAGTA , What is the complementary strand that will be added, and what enzyme is responsible for this?
TAAGCACTGTCAT - DNA Polymerase
300
A Black cat is bred with a white cat and all of their offspring are black and white. What pattern of inheritance is this an example of?
Codominance
300
During translation, tRNA brings in __________ that will ultimately build the protein. Where does this occur?
Amino Acids, occurs in ribosomes
400
During meiosis, crossing-Over may occur. This usually results in A. Overproduction of gametes B. Fertilization and development C. Formation of identical offpsring D. Variation within species
D. Variation within species
400
The merging of an egg and sperm creates a zygote. In order for this to become a functional organism it must now go through what process? A. Meiosis and fertilization B. Mitosis and cell differentiation C. Spermatogenesis and meiosis D. Meiosis and oogenesis
B. Mitosis and cell differentiation
400
If DNA polymerase does not do its job correctly, what is most likely going to be the outcome. A. DNA that has not unwrapped B. DNA the cannot make RNA C. DNA with wrong nucleotide base pairs D. DNA the will not undergo transcription
C. DNA with wrong nucleotide base pairs
400
Scientific studies show that identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different homes may vary in height, weight, and intelligence. The most probable explanation for these differences is that: A. Original genes of each twin increased in the number as they developed. B. One twin received genes only from the mother while the other twin received genes only from the father C. Environments in which they were raised were different enough to affect the expression of their genes. D. Environments in which they were raised were different enough to change the genetic makeup of both individuals
C. Environments in which they were raised were different enough to affect the expression of their genes
400
The sequence of subunits in a protein is most directly dependent on: A. Region in the cell where enzymes are producced B. DNA in the chromosomes in a cell C. Type of cell in which starch is found D. Kinds of materials in the cell membrane
B. DNA in the chromosomes in a cell
500
After a cell has gone through 3 divisions, what percent of the original DNA is left in these cells? A. 1/2 B. 1/3 C. Double D. All
All the DNA
500
In sexually reproducing species, the number of chromosomes in each body cell remains the same from one generation to the next as a direct result of A. meiosis and Fertilization B. Mitosis and mutation C. Differentiation and aging. D. Homeostasis and dynamic equilibrium
A. Meiosis and Fertilization
500
During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
s phase (synthesis phase)
500
Traits can be dominant or recessive, but a lot of times, what ultimately determines whether a gene is expressed or not?
The cellular environment it is in
500
Describe the difference between Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium - what is often the cause of Punctuated Equilibrium
Gradualism = Many small changes over a LONG period of time. Punctuated Equilibrium is a QUICK species change due often to large environmental change
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