Corpus Callosum
Nervous Systems
Lobes of the Brain
Neurotransmitters and Neural Firing
Parts of the Brain
100
Learning: What is the corpus callosum?
The corpus callosum is the “in-between” of the brain: a band of neural fibers that connects two hemispheres (Wernicke’s and Broca’s area) of the brain and allows both hemispheres to communicate.
100
Learning: What do you remember about the brain's nervous systems?
The nervous system is made of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS has two subsystems: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system also has two subsystems: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
100
Learning: Name one lobe of the brain and its function.
Frontal lobe - decision making, motor control
Parietal lobe - touch, movement, temperature, pain
Temporal lobe - Auditory information and auditory memory, facial recognition
Occipital lobe - Vision, sensing visual stimuli, recognizing colors and shapes
100
Learning: Name one neurotransmitter and its function.
Dopamine - Instant gratification; most linked with addiction
Acetylcholine - muscle contraction, heart rate regulation, and partially memory and learning
Serotonin - "Happiness," gradual gratification, regulates mood, appetite, sleep, and partially memory and learning too
GABA - calmness, lowering anxiety
ACh - MAIN contributor to memory and learning
100
Learning: Name one part of the brain and its function.
Hippocampus - Storage of memories
Thalamus - Relaying sensory information
Cerebellum - Balance and coordination
Amygdala - Fear response, emotions
Spinal Cord - movement and sensory info
200
What are the two hemispheres/areas connected by the corpus callosum?
Wernicke's and Broca's area
200
Which of the following is NOT controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
A: Respiration
B: Digestion
C: Heart rate
D: Voluntary muscle movement
D: Voluntary muscle movement
200
Which lobe is used when waving to someone?
A: Frontal lobe
B: Occipital lobe
C: Parietal lobe
D: Temporal lobe
A: Frontal lobe
200
What role do neurotransmitters play in the central nervous system?
A: Insulate axons
B: Transmit signals across synapses
C: Generate electrical impulses
D: Store genetic information
B: Transmit signals across synapses
200
A patient exhibits difficulty maintaining balance, coordinating movements, and shows tremors when reaching for objects. Which part of the central nervous system is most likely damaged?
A: Hypothalamus
B: Frontal lobe
C: Corpus callosum
D: Cerebellum
D: Cerebellum
300
Can you see the corpus callosum?
The corpus callosum is the red part of the brain in this diagram.
300
Kara thinks she sees a spider on the floor of her bathroom. She is extremely afraid of spiders. Which of the following nervous systems would be responsible for her fearful reaction to the spider?
A: Somatic Nervous System
B: Parasympathetic Nervous System
C: Sympathetic Nervous System
D: Central Nervous system
C: Sympathetic Nervous System
On AP Classroom, it states that "the sympathetic nervous system helps the body respond to stress."
300
Damage to which lobe of the brain causes agnosia (the inability to recognize people, objects, sounds or smells)?
Temporal lobe
300
What is the primary function of the axon in a neuron?
A: Transmit impulses away
B: Recieve sensory imput
C: Store neurotransmitters
D: Protect the cell body
A: Transmit impulses away ("sending info"!)
300
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for executive functioning?
A: Cerebellum
B: Prefrontal cortex
C: Temporal lobe
D: Occipital lobe
B: Prefrontal cortex
400
A doctor surgically cuts the corpus callosum. What happens to the two hemispheres of the brain?
They are unable to communicate.
[Bonus points: this results in a phenomenon called Split Brain Syndrome!]
400
A researcher is studying how damage to the myelin sheaths affects neural transmission. Which of the following would most likely be observed in a patient with extensive demyelination in their central nervous system?
A: Improved memory consolidation
B: Enhanced sensory perception
C: Slowed neural transmission and impaired motor function
D: Increased speed of action potentials
C: Slowed neural transmission and impaired motor function
400
Where are the temporal lobes located in the brain? For bonus or recovery points, what is their function?
A: On the sides
B: On the top
C: At the back
D: At the front
A: On the sides; auditory information and auditory memory
400
A student consumes too much caffeine before a test and feels jittery, with an increased heart rate. Which neurotransmitter is likely being overstimulated?
A: Acetylcholine
B: Dopamine
C: Norepinephrine
D: Serotonin
C: Norepinephrine
400
Which of the following best describes a major role of the thalamus?
A: It regulates body temperature
B: It regulates hunger
C: It regulates the autonomic nervous system
D: It relays most sensory signals to the cortex
D: It relays most sensory signals to the cortex.
500
Arjun was diagnosed with epilepsy and struggled with seizures regularly. After trying multiple unsuccessful treatments, his neurologist recommended surgery that severed the connections between the two hemispheres of the brain. Arjun agreed to the surgery.
After surgery, Arjun experienced changes that were noticed during special testing in a laboratory setting by a researcher. In the laboratory, psychologists flashed different images or words to his left and right visual fields. Arjun could easily speak the names of items that were flashed to his right visual field. He could not easily speak the names of items that were flashed to this left visual field. Arjun was studied by a researcher for many years, and his experiences went unchanged. The researcher published the research with Arjun where he shared Arjun’s experiences and his first and last name.
You are his surgeon. What did you do?
Sever the Corpus Callosum
500
Kara thinks she sees a spider on the floor of her bathroom. She is extremely afraid of spiders. Upon further inspection, though, she realizes the “spider” is only a ball of hair. Which of the following nervous systems would be responsible for calming her down after she realizes the ball of hair is not a spider?
A: Somatic Nervous System
B: Parasympathetic Nervous System
C: Sympathetic Nervous System
D: Central Nervous System
B: Parasympathetic Nervous System
On AP Classroom, it states that "the parasympathetic nervous system serves to calm the body allowing rest and repair."
500
Lobe A is involved in reading a sentence aloud, solving a math problem, and moving your arms.
Lobe B is involved in retrieving long term memory and determining whether water is warm or cold.
Lobe C is involved in understanding words spoken into an earpiece and recognizing a face in a photograph.
Lobe D is involved in identifying shapes from a series of photos flashed in the visual field.
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Which lobe is most likely represented by the activity in "Lobe B"?
The parietal lobe
500
Which psychological principle is represented in the area highlighted in the graph?
A: The variable-interval schedule of reinforcement
B: The forgetting curve
C: The refractory period of the neural transmission process
D: Spontaneous recovery of a classically conditioned response
C: The refractory period of the neural transmission process.
On AP Classroom, it states that "The highlighted area shows where the neuron experiences a brief period where the charge is below the threshold needed to fire, known as the refractory period."
500
Professor Janeja is studying which brain regions are involved in learning to correctly navigate a maze task. She randomly assigns half of a group of mice to get a lesion in one area of the brain. The other half does not get a lesion. Based on the following graph, where in the brain is the most likely site of the lesion?
A: The hippocampus
B: Wernicke's area
C: The thalamus
D: The pons
A: The hippocampus