Cell Life Cycle
Mitosis and division of a cell is very short. The state/phase cells spend most of their time in.
What is Interphase?
The condensed chromatin.
What is Chromosome?
The apparatus that grows from the centrosomes to eventually pull apart sister chromatids.
What is (Mitotic) Spindle Apparatus?
Number of major checkpoints in the Cell Cycle Control System
What is 3?
Phenomenon where crowded cells cease division due to cell-surface proteins that send signals when in contact with each other.
What is Density-Dependent Inhibition?
How cells prepare for division. Give the names of the phases and explain what happens during each.
What is G1, S and G2 phase?
During both G1 and G2 the cell grows in size to accommodate the duplication/replication that occurs in S phase.
The key elements of the structure of chromatin.
What are DNA strands and histones?
The specialized protein structure formed at the centromere of each chromatid.
What is Kinetochore?
Protein that gets its name from fluctuation of concentration in the cell.
What is Cyclin
Term to describe cell's need to be attached to a substratum in order to divide.
The purpose of cell division, specifically mitosis.
What is growth/repair?
What is Nucleosome?
The plane equidistant from the spindle's two poles
What is Metaphase Plate?
Cyclin synthesis is slowed down in the late S phase and concentration remains low. The checkpoint/complex and hence the phase that does not occur.
What is G2 Checkpoint/MPF ("Maturation-Promoting Factor")/Cyclin-CDK Complex and Mitosis/Mitotic phase?
The organelle in which vesicles come from to form the cell plate and eventually cell wall.
What is Golgi Apparatus?
Number of daughter cells and genetic makeup.
What is 2 daughter cell clones?
The region of repetitive sequences in chromosomal DNA where chromatid is attached most closely to sister chromatid.
What is Centromere?
The cytoskeletal structure that extends from spindle to pull at chromatids or homologous pairs.
What is Microtubules?
The phase that describes the non-dividing state and checkpoint that triggers it.
What is G0 Phase and G1 Checkpoint?
The types of cells that reproduce through binary fission.
What is Prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) and Single-Celled Eukaryotes?
Resulting cell type based on number of chromosomes
What is Diploid?
What is Sister Chromatids?
The proteins binding duplicated chromosomes together and the phase they are cleared.
What is Cohesin and Anaphase?
The checkpoint/phases during M phase where it is checked that chromosomes are attached via kinetochore microtubules.
What is Prometaphase and Metaphase?
Given a go-ahead to Anaphase once established chromosomes are connected to mitotic spindle.
Cells that indefinitely divide form tumors. The cells who undergo changes that allow them to spread to new tissues and impair functions of one or more organ.