Mitosis Basics
What is the main purpose of mitosis?
To produce two genetically identical daughter cells
What structure organizes the spindle fibers?
Centrosomes
In what phase do chromosomes reach opposite poles?
Telophase
What is the eukaryotic chromatin is composed of?
DNA & Protein
In what phase do chromosomes first become visible?
Prophase
What proteins hold sister chromatids together?
Cohesin
What structure on the chromosome do spindle fibers attach to?
The kinetochore
What are the phases of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
When does the nuclear membrane break down?
Prometaphase
What checkpoint ensures all sister chromatids are attached spindle fibers?
M checkpoint
What ensures that each daughter cell receives identical DNA?
What other phases can prophase be separated into?
Early prophase and prometaphase
In what phase do chromosomes line up in the middle of cell?
Metaphase
What is a kinetochore?
Proteins attached to the centromere that link each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
How does plant cytokinesis differ from animal cytokinesis?
Animals - form a cleavage furrow
What is a centromere?
The region on each sister chromatid where they are most closely attached
What occurs during cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm splits into two new cells
Why must chromosomes condense before mitosis?
To prevent tangling or damage
What is the role of the mitotic spindle?
made of microtubules that pulls the chromosomes apart during anaphase
What are oncogenes?
Proteins that promote cell-cycle progression and promote cancer if mutated