Phases
In what phase do chromosomes line up single file at the cell's equator?
Metaphase
What is the name of the protein structure where spindle fibers attach to sister chromatids?
Centromere
What is genetic consistency/identical DNA?
When Mitosis creates new cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell
Where does mitosis occur?
Somatic body cells
What is G₀ Phase?
A non-dividing state for specialized cells like neurons and muscle cells.
In what phase does the nuclear envelope reform and chromosomes begin to uncoil into chromatin?
Telophase
What fibers are made up of microtubules and pull the chromosomes apart?
Spindle fibers
What is tissue repair/replacement?
The main reason mitosis happens in multicellular organisms, besides growth.
What are the key "players" in mitosis?
Chromosomes, spindle fibers (microtubules), and centrosomes
What happens during interphase?
Cell grows, makes proteins, copies DNA (S phase), and prepares for division (G₂).
In what phase do sister chromatids pull apart to opposite poles?
Anaphase
What is the cell with two sets of chromosomes and is the result of mitosis?
Diploid cell
What is Cytokinesis?
The process that divides the cytoplasm after nuclear division.
What are microtubules?
Spindle fibers that guide chromosome movement, attaching via kinetochores on centromeres.
How long does the cell cycle last in intestinal lining cells?
Approximately 9-10 hours
What is the longest phase of the entire cell cycle that involves G1, S, and G2 and is where the cell grows and prepares for division?
Interphase
What is the name of the proteins that regulate cell cycle progression and activate enzymes?
Cyclins
What is the S Phase (Synthesis)?
A cell makes a complete copy of its DNA during this part of Interphase.
What can mistakes in mitosis cause?
Genetic issues
How long does the cell cycle last in a human cell?
Approximately 24 hours
In what phase do chromatin condense into visible, X-shaped chromosomes (each with two sister chromatids)?
Prophase
What cells are essential for sexual reproduction?
Haploid cells
Why is mitosis essential for life?
Mitosis is how single-celled organisms reproduce asexually and how complex organisms grow from a single fertilized egg.
What is the purpose of mitosis?
To create two genetically identical daughter cells for growth, repair, and replacement.
What are the phases in the cell cycle?
Interphase (G₁, S, G₂) and M Phase (Mitosis + Cytokinesis)