Mitosis v. Meiosis
Which process makes exact copies of cells?
Mitosis
Names of Stages in Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Meiosis produces ________ copies of cells.
Diverse; remember Meiosis is random!
What stage occurs right BEFORE Mitosis and Meiosis? What stage occurs AFTER Mitosis and Meiosis?
Before: Interphase - cell duplicates its DNA and organelle (DNA is doubled)
After: Cytokinesis - cell is officially split into two daughter cells
Prophase
How many and what kind of cells are produced at the end of Meiosis?
4 haploid cells (reproductive cells aka as gametes - sperm and egg)
How is asexual reproduction different from sexual reproduction? Which one uses Mitosis/Meiosis?
Asexual: uses mitosis; produces exact copies, all genetic material comes from 1 parent
Sexual: uses meiosis; produces diverse cells, genetic material comes from 2 parents (1/2 from each parent)
How many and what kind of cells are produced at the end of Mitosis?
When does "crossing over" occur?
Prophase I; chromosomes exchange or trade pieces of themselves with one another
Which process involves dividing cells twice to produce 4 haploid cells?
Meiosis
In Anaphase, what is moved to opposite sides of the cell? (chromosomes or chromatids?)
What happens to the chromosomes during Metaphase I?
Chromosomes line up on either side of the Metaphase plate
What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?
Diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes (total of 46 chromosomes)
Haploid: 1 set of chromosomes (total of 23 chromosomes) think of egg and sperm cells
Explain what happens to the chromosomes during Metaphase.
Chromosomes line up in a single file line in the middle of the cell. Microtubules also appear and attach to the sister chromatids.
In Anaphase I, what is moved to opposite sides of the cell? (chromosomes or chromatids?)
chromosomes; because of Metaphase I, chromosomes (full X) are pulled to either side
In Anaphase II, sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell like in Mitosis