Mitosis Vs. Meiosis
In humans, the end result is(are) cells with 23 single-stranded chromosomes, what is the process?
the process is meiosis
Is Mitosis sexual or asexual reproduction?
Mitosis is asexual reproduction.
How many times does Meiosis divide?
Meiosis goes through 2 rounds of division
What is the longest phase in the cell cycle?
The longest phase in the cell cycle is interphase.
This structure holds two sister chromatids together during cell division.
What is the centromere?
What process of cell reproduction is used for asexual reproduction?
The process is mitosis
How many chromosomes did the cells start with before they went through the cell cycle for humans?
in 2 identical diploid cells, they started with 46 chromosomes.
For the product of Meiosis, how many chromosomes are within each one, for humans?
The product of meiosis is four haploid cells, each with 23 chromosomes.
What are the 3 main steps in the cell cycle?
Interphase
Mitosis/meiosis
Cytokinesis
The two main types of cells involved in meiosis are sperm and this.
What is egg?
Describe the phase that is absent in meiosis II but present in mitosis.
What is interphase? It happens before mitosis to allow DNA replication but is skipped between meiosis I and meiosis II to keep the chromosome number halved.
Name the four phases of mitosis in a cell.
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
telophase
What is a haploid cell?
A haploid cell is a cell that contains half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell. In humans, this means it has 23 chromosomes, one from each pair, rather than the typical 46 found in somatic cells. Haploid cells are produced through meiosis and are essential for sexual reproduction.
This is the name of the type of cell division used for growth and repair.
What is mitosis?
This phase in mitosis is when the chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.
What is anaphase?
How are the purposes of mitosis and meiosis different?
Mitosis helps the body grow and repair by making identical cells, while meiosis makes sperm and egg cells with half the number of chromosomes for reproduction.
Name and outline the process after Mitosis is completed.
The process is called cytokinesis. Cytokinesis is the division of materials outside of the nucleus. It divides the materials into roughly 2 halves.
Outline why can cells made from meiosis not go through asexual reproduction.
Cells produced from meiosis cannot undergo asexual reproduction because they are haploid which means they have only one set of chromosomes, which is half the chromosome number of a typical cell.
The organelle responsible for organizing spindle fibers during cell division.
What is the centrosome?
In this type of division, the chromosome number is reduced by half, creating gametes.
What is meiosis?
State and explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis and meiosis are both processes of cell division. They serve two different purposes. Mitosis occurs in cells and produces two genetically identical daughter cells, maintaining the same chromosome number as the parent cell. It involves one division cycle. Meiosis, on the other hand, occurs in sperm and egg cells and produces four genetically different daughter cells, each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell. Meiosis involves two division cycles and includes processes like crossing over and homologous chromosome pairing, which increase genetic variation. While mitosis is for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction, meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction.
Explain why homologous chromosomes do not pair up in mitosis.
Homologous chromosomes do not pair up in mitosis because the aim of mitosis is to create genetically identical cells, and if the homologous chromosomes are paired up, crossing over will occur. If crossing over occurs, then the daughter cells produced will not be genetically identical to each other.
The division of homologous chromosomes during this phase of meiosis leads to a reduction in chromosome number.
Anaphase I is the stage in meiosis where pairs of homologous chromosomes are separated and moved to opposite sides of the cell, reducing the chromosome number by half. This ensures that each resulting daughter cell has only one chromosome from each pair, which is essential for producing haploid cells.
explain the three stages of interphase.
G1 phase: The cell grows and carries out normal functions while preparing for DNA replication.
S phase: The DNA is replicated, resulting in two identical copies of each chromosome.
G2 phase: The cell continues to grow, produces proteins, and prepares for mitosis.
This is the phase where the cell spends most of its life, growing and preparing for division.
What is interphase?