Vocabulary I
Specialized cells used for sexual reproduction
Gametes
A form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells.
Meiosis
Is cytokinesis part of Mitosis?
No
Meiosis results in cells that are ____ with ____ set(s) of chromosomes
Mitosis results in cells that are ____ with ____ set(s) of chromosomes
Haploid, 1
Diploid, 2
Two separate chromosomes; one from your mother, one from your father.
Homologous Chromosomes
A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes (2n)
Diploid cells
How many rounds of cell division does Meiosis involve?
2
What are the four main phases of Mitosis?
- Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase
Meiosis produces ___ cells that are genetically _____
Mitosis produces ___ cells that are genetically _____
4, unique
2, identical
The region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are joined and where spindle fibers attach.
Centromere
One half of a duplicated chromosome is a __________.
Chromatid
What are the four main phases of Meiosis?
- Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase
How many genetically identical daughter cells do Mitosis?
2 daughter cells
Mitosis results in the duplication of _____ cells
Meiosis results in the creation of _____ cells - ____ and ____
Somatic
Gametic, Sperm, Egg
The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
Cell cycle
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I, leading to genetic diversity.
Crossing over
When are homologous chromosomes divided?
Meiosis I
What is the purpose of Mitosis?
To produce body cells for growth and repair.
How many chromosomes do each new cell end up having in both processes for human?
Mitosis-46, Meiosis - 23
Identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere.
Sister chromatids
A group of four chromatids formed during meiosis by the pairing of a homologous chromosome pair.
Tetrad
What is the purpose of Meiosis?
To produce gametes for sexual reproduction
How is Interphase connected to Mitosis?
It prepares the cell to divide and provides time for the duplication of organelles and for DNA replication.
Why does Meiosis need to have half the chromosomes in each of the cell? What would happen if both reproductive cells did not split twice?
Each reproductive cell needs to have one set of chromosomes to combine into a fully diploid organism with two sets of chromosomes. The organism would be polyploidy and have four sets of chromosomes (it does happen rarely)