The Cell Cycle
The phase in which a cell completely divides into two separate daughter cells
What is cytokinesis?
The phase in which the centromeres splits and sister chromatids are being pulled apart at the metaphase plate to opposite poles
What is anaphase?
The phase where homologous chromosomes form tetrads and crossing over occurs
What is prophase I?
Its purpose is for growth, maintenance and repair; creating identical daughter cells
What is mitosis?
The stage that ends with the production of 4 haploid cells
This is the second stage of interphase where chromosomes are replicated during DNA synthesis, transitioning from single to double stranded chromatids
The phase where chromosomes have lined up at the equator
What is metaphase?
The phase where each homologous chromosome arrives at opposite poles; the cells are now haploid
What is telophase I?
Its purpose is to create variation and gamete formation
What is meiosis?
Instead of homologous chromosomes being pulled apart, the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to either side
What is anaphase II?
What is the stage most altered by cancer?
Interphase - this phase is significantly reduced since the cells grow at a much faster pace
Mitosis - the number of cells produced in this phase increases significantly
The phase in which chromatin condenses into chromosomes
What is prophase?
Homologous chromosomes form a tetrad and cross over
What is synapsis?
This cell division starts as a diploid cell (2n) and ends as 4 haploid cells (n)
What is reduction division?
The cell is now haploid and chromatin condenses into chromosomes again
What is the relative proportion of time spent in each part of the cell cycle?
93-96% in interphase while the last 4-7% is combined between mitosis and cytokinesis
The phase in which chromosomes begin to turn back into chromatin while the nucleolus and nuclear membrane reforms
What is telophase?
The phase where homologous chromosomes separate through a process called segregation
What is anaphase I?
The cell division that has the process of synapsis and segregation
What is meiosis I?
The phase in which the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate
What is metaphase II?
What are the phases of interphase before and after protein synthesis?
G1 - stays in the form of single stranded chromatin, is the process of growth
G2 - is the final preparation before mitosis, helps with growth and is in the form of double stranded/replicated chromatin
Where does mitosis take place?
In somatic/body cells
What is Metaphase I?
The phase where homologous chromosomes line up on either side of the equator
What are the four sequential stages of cell division?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Where does meiosis take place?
In the testes for males and ovaries for females