Cell Communication
An example of direct contact
What are gap junctions/plasmodesmata?
Two types of feedback
What is negative and positive feedback?
What is prophase?
Human Diploid cells have... chromosome(s)
46 chromosomes
Programmed death which occurs in the G2 checkpoint if the cell can't be repaired
What is apoptosis?
A molecule that binds another specific molecule, in some cases, delivering a signal in the process. "Signaling molecules"
What is a ligand?
Triggers that causes a response
What is a stimulus?
The final stage of the cell cycle is...
What is Cytokinesis?
The most important checkpoint which checks for cell size, growth factors, and DNA damage
What is the G1 checkpoint?
Normal cells become cancerous through...
what are DNA mutations
Animals and plants use... for long distance signaling
what are hormones?
The state of stable internal conditions
what is homeostasis?
The region on each sister chromatid where they are most clearly attached
what are centromeres?
Cells that stay in G0
What are nerve/heart cells?
... are cells that remain at only the tumor site and are unable to spread elsewhere in the body
What is a benign tumor
Cells communicate through three general ways
what are direct contact, local signaling, and log-distance signaling?
Blood clotting is an example of... feedback
what is positive feedback?
*Daily Double*
Gametes are...
Haploid cells
two things integral in the internal control system for regulating cell cycle
What are cyclins and CDKs?
The action when cells separate from the tumor and spread elsewhere in the body
What is metastasis?
The three stages of cell signaling are...
What is reception, transduction, and response?
A muscle or gland that will respond
What is an effector?
DNA winds around this to form histosomes
What are nucleosomes?
Cells rely on attachment to other cells or the extracellular matrix to divide
what is anchorage dependence
This increases the chance of cancer
What is nicotine/radiation/unhealthy food/dehydration?