Phases of Mitosis
This is the phase where the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell
What is metaphase?
These structures attach to centromeres to help pull chromosomes apart.
What are spindle fibers?
The process of mitosis results in this many daughter cells
What are two daughter cells?
This checkpoint ensures the cell has grown enough and has no DNA damage before DNA replication begins.
What is the G1 checkpoint?
This organelle houses the DNA and plays a key role in mitosis.
What is the nucleus?
This phase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids to opposite poles.
What is anaphase?
The region where sister chromatids are joined.
What is the centromere?
Mitosis is a type of cell division necessary for this biological purpose
What is growth and repair?
This checkpoint verifies that all DNA has been accurately replicated before mitosis begins.
What is the G2 checkpoint?
These structures, found in animal cells, help organize the spindle fibers.
What are centrioles?
This phase is when the nuclear envelope re-forms and the chromosomes decondense.
What is telophase?
The structures that organize spindle fibers during mitosis.
What are centrosomes?
This cell structure dissolves during prophase.
What is the nuclear envelope?
This checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly aligned and attached to spindle fibers before separation.
What is the M checkpoint (spindle checkpoint)?
After sister chromatids separate during anaphase, they are referred to by this name.
What are daughter chromosomes?
This phase precedes mitosis and is crucial for DNA replication.
What is interphase?
These are the two identical copies of a chromosome held together.
What are sister chromatids?
The phase where the cleavage furrow forms in animal cells.
What is telophase/cytokinesis?
This process, triggered by checkpoint failure, allows damaged cells to continue dividing and can lead to tumor formation.
What is unregulated cell division?
These protein structures connect sister chromatids to the spindle fibers.
What are kinetochores?
This is the first official phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
What is prophase?
The division of the cytoplasm after mitosis.
What is cytokinesis?
Plant cells form this structure instead of a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis.
What is the cell plate?
This programmed cell death process is activated when a cell fails to pass critical checkpoints and cannot repair damage.
What is apoptosis?
Cells produced by mitosis are described as this because they contain two complete sets of chromosomes.
What are diploid cells?