PHASES
The first and longest phase of mitosis
What is Prophase?
The stage where a cell spends the majority of its time during its life.
What is interphase?
The name for one of two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome.
What is a chromatid (or sister chromatid)?
The structures responsible for moving the chromosomes during mitosis.
What are spindle fibers (or the mitotic spindle)?
The primary purpose of mitosis in the body.
What is growth, development, or the replacement of damaged cells?
The phase where sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
What is anaphase?
DNA is replicated during this specific phase of interphase.
What is the S phase?
Normal body cells are called this, and contain two sets of chromosomes.
What are somatic cells (or autosomes) and what does diploid mean?
These organelles in animal cells organize the building of the mitotic spindle.
What are centrioles?
The type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
What is mitosis?
This phase is characterized by the chromosomes lining up in the very center, or middle, of the cell.
What is metaphase?
The process immediately following telophase where the cytoplasm pinches off to form two distinct daughter cells.
What is cytokinesis?
The term for the structure that holds the sister chromatids together at the center.
What is a centromere?
This structure begins to disappear during prophase and reforms during telophase.
What is the nuclear envelope (or nuclear membrane) and nucleolus?
If an original cell had 46 chromosomes, this is the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell after mitosis.
What is 46 chromosomes?
During this final phase, the chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin, and new nuclear envelopes form around the two new sets of chromosomes.
What is telophase?
This is what might happen to a cell that undergoes mitosis but not cytokinesis.
What is a cell with two nuclei?
Long, thin fibers of DNA and proteins that are found in the nucleus during interphase.
What is chromatin?
Plant cells use this to divide their cytoplasm, rather than a cleavage furrow.
What is a cell plate?
Uncontrolled cell division is the cause of this disease.
What is cancer?
List the 5 phases of Mitosis
What are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?
Name the three stages of interphase and one key event in each.
What are G1 (growth/organelle replication), S (DNA synthesis/replication), and G2 (growth/preparation for division)?
The resulting cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis are called this in relation to the original cell.
What are daughter cells, and what does it mean that they are identical to the mother cell?
In anaphase, the spindle fibers attach to this specific part of the centromere to pull the chromatids apart.
What is the kinetochore?
Name the two main reasons why cells divide rather than continuing to grow indefinitely.
What are: 1) more demands on DNA and 2) difficulty moving enough nutrients/wastes across the membrane (surface area to volume ratio issue)?