Cell Cycle Basics
This stage of the cell cycle is when the cell grows and carries out normal functions.
What is G1?
Chromosomes align at the cell’s equator during this stage
DNA and proteins combine to form these structures inside the nucleus.
What is a chromosome?
A permanent change in the DNA sequence is called this
What is a mutation?
The abnormal division of cells that creates tumors in the body
What is cancer?
DNA is copied during this phase of the cell cycle.
Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles in this phase
The point where sister chromatids are joined is called this.
What is the centromere?
Mutations that affect body cells but are not inherited occur in these cells.
What are somatic cells?
These are formed when cancer cells grow out of control.
What are tumors?
This checkpoint verifies DNA integrity before the cell enters mitosis.
What is G2 checkpoint
The nuclear envelope reforms during this final stage of mitosis.
These fibers are responsible for moving chromosomes during cell division.
What are spindle fibers?
This type of mutation involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, often altering the reading frame
What is a frame shift mutation?
Unlike healthy cells, cancer cells don't respond to these signals that regulate growth.
What are Growth-Regulating signals?
The phase in which the cell prepares proteins and organelles needed for division is this one.
What is G2?
Spindle fibers form and attach to chromosomes during this stage.
What is Prometaphase?
After DNA replication, each chromosome consists of two of these identical structures.
What are sister chromatids?
Mutations caused by chemicals, radiation, or UV light are triggered by these agents.
What are mutagens?
This process allows cancer cells to spread from their original location to other parts of the body.
What is metastasis?
Loss of regulation at cell cycle checkpoints can result in this uncontrolled cell growth.
This early mitotic stage involves chromosome condensation and nucleolus disappearance.
What is Prophase?
This protein-DNA complex is essential for proper spindle fiber attachment and chromosome segregation.
What is the Kinetochore?
A mutation that changes a codon but does not alter the amino acid sequence is known as this type.
What is a silent mutation?
Failure of this protective mechanism allows damaged cells to survive and divide instead of being eliminated.
What is apoptosis?