Interphase
Interphase is the part of the cell cycle that is not dividing.
True!
What important mitotic structure forms during this phase?
Miotic Spindle fibers
What occurs in “prometaphase”?
The spindle fibers attach to the kinetochore of the chromosomes. Chromosomes begin moving towards the cell’s midplane.
During anaphase, what happens briefly to the number of chromosomes?
They double.
What happens in telophase?
A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to separate the nuclear DNA from the cytoplasm.
The S phase, or synthesis phase.
What happens to the long fibers of chromatin in prophase?
The chromatin condenses into miotic chromosomes.
What is the main function of metaphase?
The chromosomes become aligned at the cell's midplane.
What happens to the mitotic spindle in anaphase and how does it affect the sister chromatids?
The mitotic spindle poles move farther away from each other causing the sister chromatids to separate at their centromeres.
In animal cells, what happens during cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm splits into two and a cleavage furrow forms. This is the final step in mitosis that allows it to result in 2 identical daughter cells.
What is the shortest stage of interphase and what is important about it?
G2, and it has increased protein synthesis to prepare for mitosis.
What is the protein(s) that connects the sister chromatids together?
The center is the centromere, but another protein called cohesion also helps hold them.
What is another name for a cell's midline, and why is the midline important?
Metaphase Plate or Cell Plate. The midline is important because it puts all the chromosomes in one place in order to try to prevent abnormalities.
What is the group of microtubules that actually pull sister chromatids apart called?
Mitotic Spindle
Is it possible for cytokinesis and telophase to happen at the same time?
Yes, and it is actually pretty common for them to happen simultaneously!
True or False: Interphase has four phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
False. Interphase includes G1, S, and G2, but the M phase is not a part of interphase. The M stage includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
Modified T/F: In prophase, the chromatin fibers undergo a stretching process to make sure chromosomes are less likely to tangle.
False; the chromatin fibers undergo a coiling process.
T/F (if false, give the correct answer): In metaphase, the chromosomes are split in two and pulled to the side.
False; in metaphase the chromosomes are captured by the spindle fibers.
Modified T/F: Anaphase ends when all the chromosomes have reached the poles and the spindle as a whole condenses.
False; the spindle as a whole elongates.
Modified T/F: After mitosis, you are left with two identical daughter cells.
True!
What are the different phases within interphase and what is their function?
ANSWER NEEDED
At the end of the prophase stage, what are the 4 main things that have occurred in the cell?
1. Chromosomes have become visible, 2. the nucleolus has disappeared, 3. the mitotic spindle formed, and 4. the nuclear envelope disappeared
Give a description of metaphase, its purpose, its process, and what the end result is.
Metaphase is the process in which the chromosomes are captured by the mitotic spindle fibers. Each chromosome is lined up along the metaphase plate to prepare for anaphase. The purpose of this is to ensure that the chromatids will split evenly in the next phase.
Overall, what is the result of anaphase?
The chromosomes break at the centromeres and the sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell.
What is the difference between telophase and cytokinesis?
Telophase refers to the formation of two new nuclei, and cytokinesis refers to the formation of two new cells.