Mitosis
This term is used to describe the ploidy of the two genetically identical daughter cells created during mitosis.
What is diploid?
What are the possible genotypes when crossing a homozygous dominant organism with a homozygous recessive organism?
All heterozygous
Meiosis creates cells that have half of the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. In humans, what is this number?
What is 23?
This term is used to describe body cells.
What are somatic cells?
Capital and lowercase letter
(Aa)
What type of cells go through Mitosis?
Somatic cells (Everything but germ cells)
When crossing a heterozygous organism with a homozygous recessive organism, what percentage of their offspring will be homozygous recessive? (Hint: Try a Punnett square)
50%
True or False: All daughter cells are genetically identical after Meiosis?
FALSE
This term is used to describe two identical copies of the same chromosome that are connected by a centromere.
What are sister chromatids?
This describes a relationship between two alleles where one does not over-ride the other (blood type for example).
Co-Dominance
If a mutation takes place during mitosis, will this mutation be passed on to your offspring?
NO! Mitosis takes place in your somatic cells and mutations taking place in your somatic cells are not passed on to your offspring. Only mutations taking place in germ cells are.
One parent exhibits the traits of yellow and wrinkled seeds while another parent exhibits green and round seeds. If the ratio of the offspring is 4:4:4:4, what is the original genotype of the parents.
Green and round: yyRr
The return of the diploid state of a cell happens during ____________ after meiosis.
Fertilization.
This term is used to describe a pair of chromosomes that each control for the same trait. One is from the mother, one is from the father.
What is homologous?
Which of Mendel's Law states that each copy of a gene is segregated into separate gametes during meiosis?
What is the Law of Segregation
This occurs when cytoplasm of the duplicated cells is divided.
What is cytokinesis?
A plant that exhibits purple flowers is crossed with a second plant that also exhibits purple flowers in the F1 generation. In the F2 generation, three flowers exhibit purple flowers while one exhibits white flowers. What were the genotypes of the individuals in the F1 generation? (HINT: Punnett square)
Both Heterozygous
This process is described by the switching of certain sections (Alleles) on a chromosome during Prophase I to increase genetic diversity.
What is crossing over?
An alternate form of a gene (based on differences in nitrogenous base sequences) that cause variation in heritable traits within a population or species.
What is an Allele?
The Law of Independent Assortment
Draw a short version of what Mitosis should look like. (Draw a parent cell and the correct number of daughter cells. How many chromosomes in each? What is the polidy?)
See slide 34 of Mitosis and Meiosis Lecture
(Sorry! Can't attach pictures)
1
Meiosis leads to the production of 4 genetically distinct haploid cells called...?
What are gametes?
DNA segment containing instructions for producing a particular protein (or heritable trait).
What is a gene?
The ______ together two genes are, the more likely they are linked.
closer