Fluids in Daily Life
What is a fluid?
A substance that flows, such as a liquid or gas.
What is the difference between a pure substance and a solution?
A pure substance is made of one type of particle, a solution is a mixture of different substances.
What is viscosity?
The resistance of a fluid to flow.
What technology is based on fluid pressure to move objects?
Hydraulics.
Why should you read WHMIS labels before using a substance?
To understand potential hazards and safety precautions.
Name two examples of fluids used in household materials.
Cooking oil, liquid soap, etc.
What is a homogeneous and heterogenous mixture? Provide an example of each.
Homogeneous Mixture
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the components are uniformly distributed throughout. You can't see the different parts, and it looks the same throughout.
Example:
Saltwater – When you dissolve salt in water, it forms a clear, uniform solution. You can’t tell the salt and water apart.
Heterogeneous Mixture
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components are not uniformly distributed. You can often see and separate the different parts.
Example:
Salad – A bowl of salad may have lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, etc., and you can see and pick out each ingredient.
What is the formula for density? A block of metal has a mass of 600 grams and a volume of 200 cm³. What is the density of the metal?
The density of the metal is 3 g/cm³. Density = mass/volume
Name a device that uses fluid viscosity to function.
Car engine oil, ketchup bottle, etc.
What is one way to safely dispose of a chemical in the lab?
Follow teacher instructions and disposal guidelines.
What does the WHMIS symbol for "corrosive" look like?
A test tube spilling onto a surface and a hand.
How does temperature affect solubility?
Higher temperatures increase solubility of solids but decrease solubility of gases.
How does adding salt to water affect its density?
Increases density because dissolved particles add mass without increasing volume much.
What fluid system is used in hospitals to deliver medication?
Intravenous (IV) drip.
What effect does improper fluid disposal have on the environment?
Pollution of water sources, harm to wildlife.
Why do we use solvents like paint thinner?
To dissolve substances and make them easier to apply.
What are two factors that affect the rate of dissolving?
Stirring and particle size.
Why are gases compressible but liquids are not?
Gas particles are spread out and can be compressed; liquid particles are closely packed.
Why do pipelines heat heavy crude oil?
To reduce viscosity and improve flow.
Why should you wear safety goggles in a lab?
To protect eyes from splashes or harmful substances.
Give an example of a fluid technology used in nature.
Tree sap transport, blood circulation, etc.
Explain why oil and water do not mix.
They have different polarities; water is polar, oil is non-polar.
Explain how a submarine changes its density to sink and float.
By taking in or releasing water in its ballast tanks.
What is a hydraulic lift and how does it work?
A system that uses pressurized fluid to lift heavy objects.
How does wastewater treatment help the environment?
It removes harmful substances before water is released back into nature.