Theory
A conditional that combines two different time frames.
What is a mixed conditional?
To express how a past situation affects a present result.
When do we use a past–present mixed conditional?
If + past perfect → would + base verb
What is the structure of a past–present conditional?
If I will study, I would have passed the exam.
If I had studied, I would have passed the exam
Past–Present and Present–Past.
What are the two types of mixed conditionals?
To talk about how a present or unreal condition could have changed a past event.
Why do we use present–past mixed conditionals?
If + past simple → would have + past participle
What is the structure of a present–past conditional?
If she didn't forget her ID, she would enter the building.
What is "If she hadn’t forgotten her ID, she would be able to enter the building"?
A combination of second and third conditional elements
What is a mixed conditional formed from?
To express an unreal past cause affecting a present result.
How do we use mixed conditionals to combine a past cause with a present result?
If
What word always begins the condition clause in mixed conditionals?
I would be happier now if I take the job last year.
What is "I would be happier now if I had taken the job last year"?
To express hypothetical situations that connect the past and present
Why do we use past–present mixed conditionals?
To express a missed opportunity affecting the present
Why would we use a past–present mixed conditional?
Would
Which auxiliary verb is essential in all mixed conditional main clauses?
If they have trained harder, they would win the game now.
What is "If they had trained harder, they would be winning the game now"?
To describe unreal outcomes in two different times
What is the function of mixed conditionals?
To talk about unreal past conditions and their impact on the present
What do past–present mixed conditionals describe?
She would be more confident now if she had spoken up during the meeting.
What is the structure: if + past perfect, would + base verb?
She would had gotten the promotion if she works harder before.
What is "She would have gotten the promotion if she had worked harder before"?