Diabetes
This Drug class is beneficial in heart failure and is associated with euglycemic ketoacidosis
What are SGLT2 inhibitors?
This is the Most common optic chiasm compression–related visual field defect
What is Bitemporal hemianopsia?
This is the Most reliable test to screen for primary aldosteronism
PAC/PRA (ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity)
This TSH level is an indication for subclinical hypothyroidism treatment
What is a TSH of >10 µU/mL?
This is the First test to order in patients with secondary amenorrhea
What is a Pregnancy test?
This is the Most common cause of acquired hypocalcemia
What is Chronic Kidney Disease?
This is the eGFR that is a contraindication to metformin therapy
What is <30 mL/min/1.73 m2?
This is used for the Treatment of arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus)
What is Desmopressin?
This is the recommended Treatment of an adrenal mass >4 cm (some societies say >6 cm)
What is surgical Resection?
This is the Test you would get for a thyroid nodule with a normal TSH
What is thyroid Ultrasonography?
This is the Pharmacologic PCOS treatment when fertility desired
What is Clomiphene citrate (or letrozole)?
This Electrolyte disorder causes functional hypoparathyroidism
What is Magnesium deficiency?
Name an antibody tested for in a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65)
islet cell autoantibodies
insulin autoantibodies
islet antigen 2 (IA-2)
zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8)
This lab is used in the Monitoring of secondary hypothyroidism
What is Free T4 measurement?
This Morning cortisol level rules out adrenal deficiency
What is >15 µg/dL?
(>18 according to some societies)
This is the Strongest environmental risk factor for thyroid cancer
What is Radiation exposure?
This Diagnosis is suggested by acne, gynecomastia, small testes, low gonadotropins, erythrocytosis
What is Anabolic steroid abuse?
This is the Most common cause of osteomalacia
What is Severe and prolonged vitamin D deficiency?
At this eGFR or urine albumin-to creatinine ratio (UACR), one should refer a patient to a nephrologist
eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
UACR of ≥300 mg/g creatinine
These drugs are used in the Treatment of symptomatic hyperprolactinemia
What are Dopamine agonist?
(Ex. Cabergoline, Bromocriptine, Quinagolide, Ropinirole)
These 2 things are used for the Treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency
What are Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement?
This is the Test you get for a thyroid nodule with suppressed TSH
What is a Thyroid scintigraphy(nuclear thyroid scan)?
Name 2 Initial tests(bedises pregnancy test) in nonpregnant women with secondary amenorrhea
FSH, TSH, free thyroxine, and prolactin levels
This is the Treatment for Paget disease of bone
What is a Single dose of zoledronic acid?
This diabetes medication is contraindicated in patients with heart failure (due to fluid retention risk)
What are thiazolidinediones (e.g., pioglitazone)?
This Prolactin level is suggestive of macroprolactinoma
What is >200 ng/mL?
(Some societies say >150ng/mL)
This Morning cortisol level is strongly suggestive of adrenal deficiency
What is <3 µg/dL?
(No confirmatory test needed if it is this low)
Name 3 drugs used to treat Thyroid storm
glucocorticoids, β-blockers, PTU, and potassium iodide
This is the diagnostic criteria for male hypogonadism (Lab test)
What are Two low 8 AM serum total testosterone measurements?
This is the Test for familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
What is a Urine calcium-creatinine ratio?
This is the treatment for Diabetic proliferative retinopathy
What is Photocoagulation or intravitreal anti-VEGF?
These 2 Tests should be obtained to look for pituitary hypersecretion in all pituitary incidentalomas
What are Prolactin and IGF-1 levels?
This is the Antibody test for autoimmune adrenalitis (Addison disease)
What are 21-hydoxylase antibodies?
This is the Empiric levothyroxine dose change during pregnancy
What is a 30% increase?
This Diagnosis is suggested by low testosterone, normal LH and FSH
What is Secondary (pituitary) hypogonadism?
These 2 things confirm the Diagnosis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men aged >50 years
What are T-score ≤−2.5 or fragility fracture (especially hip or vertebral compression fracture)?