Cardiology
This medication class is first-line for rate control in atrial fibrillation in patients without heart failure, according to UK guidelines.
What are beta-blockers?
This spirometry pattern, defined by an FEV1/FVC ratio <0.7 post-bronchodilator, confirms persistent airflow obstruction consistent with this diagnosis.
What is COPD?
This is the most common cause of secondary postpartum haemorrhage occurring 24 hours to 6 weeks after delivery.
What are retained products of conception?
This is the minimum duration of symptoms required for a diagnosis of generalised anxiety disorder.
What is 6 months?
This is the first-line investigation for suspected testicular torsion in a clinically stable patient where diagnosis is uncertain.
What is Doppler USS of the testes?
This investigation is first-line to confirm the diagnosis of suspected heart failure in primary care, according to UK guidance.
What is NT-proBNP measurement?
In a patient with suspected pulmonary embolism and a low Wells score, this investigation should be performed before imaging.
What is a D-dimer test?
In a haemodynamically stable woman with suspected ectopic pregnancy and a β-hCG below the discriminatory zone, this is the next step.
What is repeat β-hCG measurement in 48 hours?
This antidepressant carries the highest risk of QT prolongation among SSRIs and is limited in maximum dose in older adults.
What is citalopram?
This organism is most commonly responsible for epididymo-orchitis in sexually active men under 35.
What is chlamydia?
This heart sound, best heard at the apex with the patient in the left lateral position, is a low-pitched, mid-diastolic rumbling sound.
What is mitral stenosis?
This complication should be suspected in a patient with severe asthma who develops sudden worsening breathlessness and unilateral reduced breath sounds after intubation.
What is a tension pneumothorax?
This medication is first-line for prevention of seizures in severe pre-eclampsia.
What is magnesium sulfate?
This is the first-line pharmacological treatment for acute bipolar mania in a patient not already on mood stabilisers.
What is an antipsychotic (e.g., haloperidol, olanzapine, or quetiapine)?
This acid–base disturbance is classically seen in patients with severe vomiting due to pyloric obstruction.
What is metabolic alkalosis?
This ECG finding — characterised by ST elevation in leads II, III and aVF — suggests infarction in this coronary artery territory.
What is the right coronary artery territory?
This long-term intervention is indicated in COPD patients with PaO₂ ≤7.3 kPa when stable.
What is long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT)?
This is most appropriate form of emergency contraception in an 26F who's drug history includes a salbutamol inhaler who does not want children within the near future.
What is the copper IUD?
This life-threatening complication of antipsychotics presents with hyperthermia, rigidity, autonomic instability, and elevated CK
What is NMS?
This staging investigation is required in confirmed muscle-invasive bladder cancer prior to definitive management.
What is a CT scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis?
This inherited condition, often caused by mutations in sarcomere protein genes, is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes in the UK.
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
This diagnosis explains haemoptysis, cavitating upper lobe lesions, positive c-ANCA, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
What is granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
This obstetric emergency presents with fetal bradycardia, abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and loss of fetal station in a woman attempting VBAC.
What is uterine rupture?
This is the most appropriate legal framework for detaining a patient for assessment in hospital for up to 28 days in England and Wales.
This genetic syndrome is associated with clear cell renal carcinoma, haemangioblastomas, and phaeochromocytoma.
What is von Hippel–Lindau syndrome?