Fundamentals in Immunology
This protein molecule, also referred to as an immunoglobulin, is produced in response to exposure to an antigen.
What is an antibody?
The most common ABO blood group.
What is group O?
Who is Coombs?
Approximately what percentage of the general population is Rh (D) negative?
What is 15%?
Antibodies belonging to this isotype are always considered to be clinically significant in immunohematology.
What is IgG?
This class of immunoglobulin is capable of placental transfer.
What is IgG?
Plant derived extracts which agglutinate human red blood cells with a moderate degree of specificity.
What are lectins?
This form of the antiglobulin test detects in-vivo sensitization of RBCs.
What is the direct antiglobulin test? (DAT)
This gene serves as a co-expressor for the Rh antigens and is located on chromosome 1
What is the RHAG gene?
This lectin is used to help identify patients belonging to A subgroups?
What is Dolichous biflorus?
The overall net negative charge which surrounds an RBC.
What is the zeta potential?
ABO antibodies belong primarily to which immunoglobulin class?
What are IgMs?
These reagent cells must be added to all negative tubes following the AHG test.
What are check cells?
What is Rh null?
This addition of D-galactose to an L-fucose on a type 2 chain results in expression of this ABO antigen
What is group B?
This pathway of complement activation involves antigen/ antibody interaction?
What is the classical pathway?
This immunodominant sugar is responsible for the H antigen.
What is L-fucosyl?
AHG reagents with this label contain antibodies with only one antigenic specificity.
What is monoclonal?
Patients belonging to this phenotype are Rh positive, however their D antigen is missing one or more epitopes.
What is partial D?
This phenomenon occurs when bacterial enzymes modify the A antigen on red blood cells, to resemble a B antigen during ABO typing.
What is acquired B phenomenon?
What are IgG?
Resolution of this ABO discrepancy is accomplished by acidification of commercial anti-B anti-sera prior to testing patient cells?
What is the acquired B phenomenon?
Neutralization of AHG reagent may occur if which technical step is not performed correctly.
Inadequate cell washing prior to the addition of AHG
According to Wiener nomenclature R' denotes the presence of these Rh antigens
What are D, big C and little e?
Presence of this antigen, belonging to the Rh blood group system, is the result of a single amino acid change in the RHCE gene.
What is Cw?