Intro Ling
What is the smallest unit of language that carries a consistent meaning or grammatical function?
A morpheme
What category of verb do we see here?
"I sold a house to them"
Ditransitive verb
In phonological rules, what does / mean?
"in the environment"
What is the maximum volume of air both lungs can have?
6 liters
What are gyri and sulci?
Gyri: the raised bulges of the cerebral cortex
Sulci: the deep grooves of the cerebral cortex
What is the derivational process that combines two free morphemes?
Compounding
List the 5 morphemes of the word "denationalization"
de-
-nation-
-al
-ize-
-ation
A set of sounds that can be picked out with a set of features
What is "residual volume" in respiration?
Volume remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation that cannot undergo gas exchange
What is the “hidden lobe” of the cerebral hemisphere?
The insula
What is the difference between inflectional and derivational morphology?
Inflectional morphology: adds grammatical information and can indicate lexical categories
Derivational morphology: creates a new word (maybe with a new category)
complements: sisters to the head, and are selected by the head
adjuncts: items NOT selected by the head, they are one step away from the head
height (+/- high, +/- low), tenseness, backness (+/- front, +/- back), roundedness
Manometer: pressure
Explain primary progressive aphasia (PPA).
An acquired language deficit (aphasia) that is due to a neurodegenerative disease (progressive) and that is the most prominent aspect of the clinical picture (primary).
Which ambiguity consists of a word-form or morpheme-form that has more than one meaning (arbitrary or coincidentally)?
Lexical ambiguity
Explain the Ellipsis Test.
If a string of words X can be deleted, then X forms a constituent.
When might two sounds be allophones of the same phoneme?
They are in complementary distribution (the two sounds occur in entirely separate environments)
What are the three unpaired cartilages that make up the larynx?
Cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis
What are the 4 most common types of brain damage?
Stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases and infectious diseases, tumors
What morphological process replaces an expected inflected form with an unrelated morpheme?
Suppletion
What are the definitions of c-selection and s-selection?
c-selection: the syntactic category of the arguments that a predicate requires
s-selection: refers to the semantic type of the argument
What are the features for sonority?
syllabic, sonorant, consonantal, approximant
Explain what a pneumothorax is.
The aggregation of air in the pleural space b/w the lungs and chest wall, leading to a loss of negative intrapleural pressure --this results in a "collapsed" lung
What is single vs. double dissociation?
Single: patient A performs significantly worse on task X than on task Y.
Double: Patient A performs significantly worse on task X than on task Y, and patient B performs significantly worse on task Y than on task X.