Antigens & PRRs
What is the definition of an antigen?
Anything that can create an immune response
Where do both T cells and B cells start their development?
Bone Marrow
How many chains make up MHC Class I?
1 chain and beta-2 microglobulin
Which antibody class is a pentamer and is the first one produced?
IgM
Type 1 Hypersensitivity (allergies) is mediated by which antibody class?
IgE
These receptors recognize PAMPs and DAMPs and can be membrane-bound or inside the cell.
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
Which lymphoid progenitor cell makes sure the correct amount of MHC I is being expressed?
Natural Killer (NK) cells
MHC Class II molecules display antigens to which type of T cells?
Helper T cells or CD4+
This enzyme is responsible for the "cut and paste" action in VDJ gene rearranging.
Rag1/Rag2
Which systemic autoimmune disease is often identified by a malar "butterfly" face rash?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Which TLR recognizes unmethylated CpG DNA as a bacterial pattern?
TLR 9
These cells are known as the "main fighters" and their accumulation at an infection site is known as pus.
Neutrophils
What is the name of the giant protein complex that cuts up antigens for MHC-I presentation?
Proteasome or Immunoproteasome
Name the two fragments that make up an antibody structure.
Fc fragment (constant) and Fab fragment (variable)
This type of hypersensitivity involves Rh reaction and can be prevented with Rhogam.
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Name three membrane-bound PRRs mentioned in the review.
Any three of: TLRs, scavenger receptors, LPS receptors, mannose receptors, dectin receptors
Which cytokine is specifically known as the "T cell growth factor"?
IL-2
This process, which only occurs with dendritic cells, involves placing exogenous antigens on MHC I.
Cross Presentation
This protein adds random nucleotides during heavy chain rearrangement (N-nucleotide addition).
TdT
In Myasthenia Gravis, which receptors are blocked by autoantibodies?
Acetylcholine receptors
Give two examples of cytoplasmic PRRs that detect things that shouldn't be inside the cell.
Any two of: PKR, Rig-1, TLR 3, TLR 8, NOD-1
These cells release histamine and can cause allergies because IgE binds to them.
Basophils or Mast Cells
What is the percentage chance that you have the same MHC/HLA type as a sibling?
25%
B cells require two signals for thymus-dependent activation; one is the antigen binding to BCR, what is the second signal?
CD40/CD40L interaction from a T cell
What are the two types of tolerance mechanisms that must function to prevent autoimmunity?
Central and Peripheral Tolerance