In the News
Newspapers supported by political parties.
What is the partisan press?
The video on How to Catch an Emu is an example of this.
What is encoding and decoding?
Taken-for-granted, rarely questioned ideologies.
What are dominant ideologies?
An individual or a group with a social or cultural identity outside of the mainstream.
What is the other?
What something signifies or represents to a person.
What is meaning?
Newspapers supported by advertising.
What is the commercial press?
I ask my wife to turn the A/C up, which is a request lacking something.
What is context?
The “Candid Camera” video is an example of this.
What are the Asch experiments on conformity?
The absence of representation, or underrepresentation, of some group of people in the media.
What is symbolic annihilation?
Dominant (or ‘hegemonic’), negotiated, or oppositional reading.
What are negotiated meanings?
Quoting what official sources tell reporters and rather than conducting multiple interviews and a search for independent verification.
What is stenography?
A word that has one unambiguous meaning.
What is univocal?
The reader fully shares the text’s code and accepts and reproduces the preferred reading – in such a stance the code seems ‘natural’ and ‘transparent.’
What is dominant (or hegemonic) reading?
Control of consensus; promotion of dominant, taken-for-granted ideologies.
What is hegemony?
They are active, not passive, in their relationship to media/communication.
What are audiences?
He said, she said reporting in which two completely opposing arguments appear to be equivalent when in fact they are not.
What is false equivalency?
A word that has more than one meaning.
What is polysemic?
The reader partly shares the text’s code and broadly accepts the preferred reading, but sometimes resists and modifies it in a way which reflects their own position, experiences and interests – this position involves contradictions.
What is negotiated reading?
It challenges the established view.
What is alternative discourse?
1. People possess the capacity for thought, which is shaped by social interaction;
2. People learn meanings and symbols through social interaction;
2. People are able to modify or alter the meanings and symbols they use in interactions by interpreting the situations they are engaged in.
What is symbolic interactionism?
They cost just 1 cent rather than 6 or 7 cents and they helped create the beginnings of the mass media.
What was the penny press?
Indicating that one has virtue merely by expressing disgust or favor for certain political ideas, cultural happenings – often through social media.
What is virtue signaling?
The reader, whose social situation places them in a directly oppositional relation to the dominant code, understands the preferred reading but does not share the text’s code and rejects this reading, bringing to bear an alternative frame of reference.
What is oppositional (counter-hegemonic) reading?
It creates awareness of dominant discourses and how they influence our views.
What is alternative discourse?
Who? Says What? In What Channel? To Whom? With What Effect?
What is the (Harold) Laswell model of communication?