CAPACITY PLANNING
The maximum level of output a firm can produce under perfect conditions.
What is design capacity?
Japanese term meaning continuous improvement.
What is Kaizen?
Projects are temporary and aim to deliver a unique what?
What is output?
Dividing a market into smaller customer groups.
What is segmentation?
The main purpose a product fulfils for customers.
What is the core product?
The goal of marketing is satisfying these.
What are customer needs and wants?
A concept focused on affordable, widely available products.
What is the production concept?
The realistic capacity after considering maintenance and breaks.
What is effective capacity?
This philosophy makes quality everyone’s responsibility.
What is Total Quality Management?
Managing within limits of cost, time, and this factor.
What is quality?
Segmenting by age, income or gender.
What is demographic segmentation?
Branding and packaging belong to this component.
What is the formal or actual product?
This part of marketing ensures products are available in the right place.
What is distribution?
A concept dependent on heavy advertising and persuasion.
What is the selling concept?
Output compared to maximum possible output, shown as a percentage.
What is capacity utilization?
The type of waste reduction and smooth flow system linked to Just-In-Time.
What is lean production?
First phase of the project life cycle.
What is initiation?
Targeting many segments with different products.
What is multi-segment marketing?
A warranty is part of this product layer.
What is the augmented product?
A clothing store sale is related to this marketing element.
What is pricing?
A company improving quality for brand strength follows this concept.
What is the product concept?
This happens when output is too low compared to capacity.
What is underutilization?
A downside of JIT if suppliers are delayed.
What is production stoppage?
Final phase that hands over deliverables.
What is closure?
The type of map showing how customers view brands.
What is a positioning map or perceptual map?
The number of product lines offered by a firm.
What is product mix width?
Advertising and sponsorships support this element.
What is promotion?
Putting customer needs first defines this concept.
What is the marketing concept?
Increasing output by adding overtime or new shifts.
What is using flexible work schedules?
Small worker groups that meet to discuss improvements.
What are quality circles?
A visual schedule tool showing activities over time.
What is a Gantt chart?
Loyalty programs are an example of this base.
What is behavioural segmentation?
Adding new variations to a product line.
What is product extension?
Online deliveries increase convenience in this.
What is product accessibility via distribution channels?
This concept also considers society and environmental welfare.
What is the societal marketing concept?
The formula for capacity utilization.
What is actual output divided by design capacity times 100?
A measure of how well a product does its intended job.
What is product performance?
The longest route through a project network.
What is the critical path?
The segment chosen for a firm to pursue.
What is the target market?
Stage where competition becomes fierce and sales level off.
What is maturity?
A market where individuals buy for personal use.
What is a consumer market?
Too much focus on product features causes this.
What is marketing myopia?
Buying more productive equipment to boost output.
What are technical economies of scale?
Attractive appearance of a product that increases appeal.
What is aesthetics?
Activities represented as arrows in which diagram style?
What is Activity on Arrow?
When a brand must share features to compete credibly.
What are points of parity?
The first step in new product development.
What is idea generation?
Bad ads may mislead and harm this brand attribute.
What is reputation?
The selling concept risks this if customer needs are ignored.
What is dissatisfaction?
A drawback of Just-In-Time if demand suddenly rises.
What is a shortage causing halted production?
The ability for a product to be repaired quickly and cheaply.
What is serviceability?
Activities with zero duration that show logical relationships.
What are dummy activities?
Features that differentiate a brand uniquely.
What are points of difference?
The stage where a product tests consumer response in limited markets.
What is test marketing?
Airlines surveying interest in a new route engage in this marketing task.
What is identifying needs through research?
High efficiency in production creates this cost advantage.
What are economies of scale?
When a business becomes too large and communication breaks down.
What are diseconomies of scale?
A proactive system to prevent defects during production.
What is quality assurance?
Float equals LS minus ES or LF minus this.
What is EF?
Focusing on one narrow group of consumers.
What is niche marketing?
The number of versions within a single product line.
What is product depth?
When companies tailor products through customer insight.
What is building customer-oriented products?
Societal marketing balances profit, customer satisfaction, and this.
What is social welfare?
Cost advantages gained internally from firm growth.
What are internal economies of scale?
Certification like ISO 9001 improves this type of credibility.
What is international quality recognition?
Spending beyond the planned figure harms what project dimension?
What is cost?
Geography-based segmentation is most useful when products depend on this.
What are regional or location factors?
A reduction in market interest pushes products toward this stage.
What is the decline stage?
Creating long-term relationships improves this business outcome.
What is customer loyalty?
Mass standardisation can lead to missing this.
What are customer preferences?
When subcontracting allows a business to handle excess demand.
What is outsourcing to increase capacity?
A quality dimension that is seen not tested.
What is perceived quality?
Expanding scope without resources causes this major risk.
What is scope creep?
Mispositioning can confuse customers and weaken this.
What is brand perception?
Strong product identity created by symbols or logos.
What is branding?
The additional extra that builds value for customers.
What is value added?
Reputation grows for firms acting ethically under this concept.
What is societal marketing?
The situation where industry-wide expansion provides shared benefits like skilled labour.
What are external economies of scale?
Comparing performance to industry leaders.
What is benchmarking?
A natural disaster delaying construction is an example of this.
What is project risk?
STP improves this by directing resources where they produce the best results.
What is marketing effectiveness?
Apple benefits from having technology products that share this trait.
What is product mix consistency?
A hotel offering free breakfast and shuttles shows this concept.
What is added value for differentiation?
Risk of adding features customers do not want.
What is overengineering?
The percentage capacity utilization if output is 600 and design capacity is 900.
What is 67 percent?
Lean strengthens capacity use by eliminating this system-clogging issue.
What are bottlenecks?
The structured list of tasks broken into smaller parts.
What is a Work Breakdown Structure?
This strategy is used by Coca-Cola to appeal to broad audiences.
What is mass marketing?
Making a product more competitive to delay decline.
What is revitalisation?
The type of trade in marketing requiring two parties with value.
What is an exchange transaction?
Aggressive selling focuses on this short-term objective.
What are immediate sales?
Coordination problems from managing many production lines lead to this.
What is reduced efficiency and higher costs?
If managers demand frequent change, this may happen among staff.
What is employee resistance or fatigue?
The backward pass is used to calculate this type of start time.
What is the latest start?
Identifying under-served areas on a positioning map may show this.
What are market gaps or opportunities?
One risk of expanding product lines too far.
What is cannibalisation?
Constantly shifting trends make marketing this type of challenge.
What is unpredictable or dynamic?
Production concept risk when market changes quickly.
What is market misalignment?
Reducing capacity by selling unused facilities is an example of this strategy type.
What is downsizing operations?
SERVQUAL measures gaps between these two things.
What are expectations and perceptions?
Technique used to determine floating activities and total duration.
What is network analysis or CPM?
Segmenting based on attitudes, lifestyle and values.
What is psychographic segmentation?
This difference between services and goods means services vanish when unused.
What is perishability?
High advertising cost is a disadvantage under this pressure.
What is competitive market pressure?
This concept ties long-term profitability to satisfying customers better than rivals.
What is the marketing concept?