Cardiac
The most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children.
What is Respiratory related- hypoxia due to inadequate ventilation/oxygenation?
The size of Quick-Combo pads or paddles that should be used for an 8 kg patient.
What are infant pads or paddles (used for <25kg)
This is how often you can administer Epinephrine.
What is every 3-5 minutes.
3 signs/symptoms of shock in a pediatric patient.
What is-
Increased HR, Pale skin (CRT >3 secs), Weak pulses, Decreased LOC, decreased urine output, Low BP (LATE sign)
The fluid bolus TYPE, AMOUNT and SPEED ADMINISTERED, to an 8-month-old who has been admitted with a 3-day history of diarrhea and vomiting.
What is NS or LR, 20mL/kg, <20 mins.
The next appropriate actions (3) after a patient progresses to asystole.
What is-
Start CPR
Give Epi
Treat causes
The size of Quick-Combo pads or paddles that should be used for a 26 kg patient.
What are Adult pads or paddles (used for >25kg)
The preferred route of administration of medications during an emergency.
What is through an IV.
bonus point- 2nd choice- IO (intraosseous infusion), 3rd choice-ETT (Endotracheal tube)
2 potential causes of cardiogenic shock.
What is
Congenital or genetic heart disease, inflammation of the heart muscle, abnormality of pumping function, arrhythmias, poisoning or drug toxicity, injury/trauma to heart muscle.
The AMOUNT of fluid and ADMINISTRATION TIME for a bolus of NS to a 12 kg patient.
What is 240 mL, over 20 mins or less.
The 4 main functions of the defibrillator
What are-
Monitoring, Pacing, Synchronized Cardioversion, Defibrillation
The role of the bedside nurse during a code.
What is-
Give patient history to the team.
Push meds.
Ensure ABC's.
Three ways to increase HR on a bradycardic patient.
What is Epinephrine, Atropine, and Pacing.
2 potential causes of distributive shock.
What is
Septic shock, Anaphylactic shock, and Neurogenic shock.
What is your next option after 2 failed attempts to place an PIV during emergency situation, and immediate access is necessary.
What is insert an IO, use the ETT if available (for lidocaine, Epinephrine, Atropine, or Narcan)
These are the options you have after determining your patient is in SVT.
What is-
With adequate perfusion- attempt vagal maneuvers, establish IV access, & consider adenosine.
With poor perfusion- prepare for synchronized cardioversion (0.5 J- 1.0 J/kg)
The compression/ventilation rate for a child or infant patient.
What is
30 compressions - 2 ventilations (Single rescuer)
or
15 compressions - 2 ventilations (>2 rescuers)
2 common insertion sites for IO's
Proximal tibia, Medial Malleolus, Distal femur, Anterior iliac crest.
2 potential causes of obstructive shock.
What is -
Cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, ductal dependent lesions (obstruction of normal flow from the heart as a result of congenital heart disease.
List components of a Primary Assessment.
What is-
Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure. (A,B,C,D,E)
Three things that help to differentiate Sinus Tachycardia (ST) from Supraventricular Tachycardia.
What is-
Onsest- gradual (ST), sudden (SVT)
History- causes (ST), vague (SVT)
P Waves- Present (ST), Not present (SVT)
Variability- Variable (ST), No variability (SVT)
Rate- (ST)<220 infants, <180 kids,
(SVT)>220 infants, >180 kids
Two ways to determine if you are performing adequate BMV to a patient.
What is
Symmetrical chest rise.
Improvement in color & perfusion
Heart rate improves.
The uses and administration method for Adenosine.
What is an Antiarrhythmic that briefly blocks conduction through the AV node and depresses sinus node automaticity.
Adenosine has a very short 1/2 life (<10 secs). Must be administered as centrally as possible, followed by a RAPID NS flush. A stopcock method is preferred.
4 actions for a child in shock.
What is-
02 administration, support ventilation, vascular access, IV therapy, monitoring, frequent reassessment, positioning, GET HELP.
What to do (read scenario 1)
The next appropriate interventions include.
What is-
Check pulse, start compressions, place backboard under the patient when it arrives.