Case Law
The actions of others are not dispositive on whether the Defendant manifested an extreme indifference to human life when evaluating the Defendant’s actions independent of the additional negligent or reckless actions of a third party.
State v. Teglia
Date of Rob Armstrong's Death.
Time of death: +/- 200
April 6, 2025 at 12:39pm
Rule 401: Evidence is relevant if it _____ _ _____ __ ___________ ____ __ ____ ______.
I’m good to go, doc! Put me in!
At a party’s request, the court must order witnesses constructively excluded so that they cannot hear other witnesses’ testimony.
Rule 615: Sequestration
Before testifying, a witness shall be presumed to have been sworn in, by an oath or affirmation to testify truthfully administered in a form designed to impress that duty on the witness’s conscience.
Midlands does not permit parties to use their experts as weapons in a trial by ambush or unfair surprise.
Kane Software Co. v. Mars Investigations
Date of Autopsy
April 8th, 2025
Rule 404: Evidence of __ ________ _________ is not admissible to prove that on a particular occasion the person ________ ___ __________ with the character or trait.
a person’s character / acted in accordance
If you walk now, everyone will think you were scared. Don't let them be right.
Riley Kaye
Hearsay within hearsay is not excluded by the rule against hearsay if each part of the combined statements conforms with an exception to the rule.
Rule 805: Hearsay within Hearsay
An opinion is not objectionable just because it embraces an ultimate issue.
Rule 704: Opinion on ultimate issue
A trial court is permitted to rely on both admissible and inadmissible evidence. The use of underlying inadmissible evidence does not make that inadmissible evidence admissible.
Zomerfeld v. Noto
Day Charlie joined the show
January 8th, 2025
Rule 801: “Statement” means a person’s ___ ________, ________ __________, __ _________ ________.
oral assertion, written assertion, or nonverbal conduct
Wait until the Feds learn about how you rig the show.
Nel Doos
If experts in the particular field would reasonably rely on those kinds of facts or data in forming an opinion on the subject, they need not be admissible for the opinion to be admitted. But if the facts or data would otherwise be inadmissible, the proponent of the opinion may disclose them to the jury only if their probative value in helping the jury evaluate the opinion substantially outweighs their prejudicial effect.
Rule 703: Basis for an Expert Opinion
The following rules apply to attacking a witness’s character for truthfulness by evidence of a criminal conviction:
(1) for a crime that, in the convicting jurisdiction, was punishable by death or by imprisonment for more than one year, the evidence:
(A) must be admitted, subject to Rule 403, in a civil case or in a criminal case in which the witness is not a defendant; and
(B) must be admitted in a criminal case in which the witness is a defendant, if the probative value of the evidence outweighs its prejudicial effect to that defendant; and
(2) for any crime regardless of the punishment, the evidence must be admitted if the court can determine that establishing the elements of the
Rule 609: Criminal convictions
Criminal defendants have a constitutionally protected right to refuse to speak with police officers and to decline to testify in their own defense. No prosecutor or witness may comment on a defendant’s exercise of either right or suggest that refusal to testify or termination of a police interrogation demonstrates consciousness of guilt.
State v. Lazares
Day Charlie asked Riley Kaye for the cleaning supplies location.
March 29th, 2025
Rule 803(1): A statement describing an ____ or _________, made ____ or _________ _____ the declarant perceived it.
event or condition / while or immediately after
This season is going to be a little different than the other seasons. This is against the official rules, so make sure not to mention this to anyone. We are going to let you improvise some of your own sabotages this season.
Indigo Quade
Evidence of a person’s habit or an organization’s routine practice may be admitted to prove that on a particular occasion the person or organization acted in accordance with the habit or routine practice.
Rule 406: Habit
When measures are taken that would have made an earlier injury or harm less likely to occur, evidence of the subsequent measures is not admissible to prove: negligence; culpable conduct; a defect in a product or its design; or a need for a warning or instruction.
Rule 407: Subsequent Remedial Measures
Absent particularized reason to believe that the communication may have been sent by someone else, the fact that an electronic communication (an email, text, or social media post) is listed as coming from a number or account that is either known or purports to belong to a particular person is sufficient foundation that the communication was sent by the person.
Ginger v. Heisman
Date of Charlie Martin's Interview
June 2nd, 2025
State v. Rodgers: Defendant argues that the trial court should not have instructed the jury that he conceded ________ when he conceded ________. The trial court’s instruction was proper. It is axiomatic that ________ is an element of __________.
causation / negligence
My heart is pounding so fast! This is incredible. What are we thinking? Charlie, are you looking to get some payback?
Santiago Larson
If a party introduces all or part of a statement, an adverse party may require the introduction of any other part – or any other statement – that in fairness ought to be considered. The adverse party may do so over a hearsay objection.
Rule 106 (Rule of Completeness)
A record or statement of a public office if:
(A) it sets out:
(i) the office’s activities;
(ii) a matter observed while under a legal duty to report, but not including, in a criminal case, a matter observed by law-enforcement personnel; or
(iii) in a civil case or against the government in a criminal case, factual findings from a legally authorized investigation; and
(B) the opponent does not show that the source of information or the method or circumstances of preparation indicate a lack of trustworthiness.
Rule 803(8): Public Records
The hearsay rule is only implicated where an out-of-court statement is being used for the truth of the matter asserted. If it only matters whether the out-of-court statement was made (not whether it was true), then the hearsay rule is not implicated.
Chambers v. By the Book Publishing, Ltd.
Year Rob Armstrong was born
1991
Rule 702: A witness who is qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education may testify in the form of an opinion or otherwise if the proponent demonstrates to the court that it is more likely than not that:
(a) the expert’s _____, _______, __ _____ ________ ________ will help the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue;
(b) the testimony is based on _______ ______ __ _______;
(c) the testimony is the product of ______ _______ ___ _______; and
(d) the expert’s opinion reflects a reliable application of __ _______ __ ______ _ __ ____ __ ___ _____.
scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge
sufficient facts or data
reliable principles and methods
the principles and methods to the facts of the case
Well that is perfect for you, Charlie! You are guaranteed to at least walk away with something this season.
Nel Doos
A witness may not testify to a matter unless evidence is introduced sufficient to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter. Evidence to prove personal knowledge may, but need not, consist of the witness’s own testimony.
Rule 602: Need for Personal Knowledge
A duplicate is admissible to the same extent as the original unless a genuine question is raised about the original’s authenticity or the circumstances make it unfair to admit the duplicate.
Rule 1003: Admissibility of duplicates