Big Bang
This is a system of ideas intended to explain something, examples include the Big Bang and Rational Choice.
What is a theory?
This TYPE OF JUSTICE focuses on repairing the harm caused by crime (especially harm caused to the victim), acknowledges that victims, offenders, and the community are all critical to this process, and appears to be one of the most hopeful approaches to juvenile crimes, especially with minor forms of juvenile delinquency.
What is restorative justice?
In reference to the public health approach, this type of prevention focuses on the general well-being of all.
What is primary?
This term refers to the removal of status offenders from secure detention facilities.
What is deinstitutionalization?
This theory, created by Freud, established three components of human personality, id, ego, and superego.
What is psychodynamic theory?
This theory assumes society creates deviance by negatively identifying and naming those who are apprehended as different from others, and any subsequent interactions are influenced by the meaning and perception derived from the identify.
What is labeling theory?
This RJ program, based closely on tribal justice and the use of re-integrative shaming, “rounds-up” the offenders, victims, and other community members together in an effort to formulate a sanction that addresses the needs of all concerned parties.
What are sentencing circles?
This term involves any justice program or policy designed to prevent the occurrence of a future delinquent act.
What is delinquency control?
These interventions/techniques (or cogs) are effective because they reprogram and populate the frontal lobe of the brain.
What are Cognitive behavioral interventions (CBI)/Cognitive behavioral techniques (CBT)?
This theory suggests that criminal/delinquent behavior is conformity.
What is cultural deviance theory?
This theory proposes that delinquency results from the frustration individuals feel when they are unable to achieve the goals they desire.
What is strain theory?
Under this RJ program, a mediator is present in the room with the offender and the victim with the goal of reaching a mutually desirable agreement to repair the harm.
What is Victim-Offender Mediation (VOM)?
In reference to the public health approach, this type of prevention focuses on intervening with children and young people who are potentially at risk for becoming offenders.
What is secondary?
This 1974 Act encouraged the deinstitutionalization of status offenders.
What is the Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)?
This theory emphasizes delinquency occurs due to an excess of definitions favorable to law violations over definitions unfavorable to law violations.
What is differential association theory?
This theory, created by Hirschi, examines individual differences in morality, specifically these four elements – attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.
What is social bond theory?
This type of restorative justice technique is most often utilized in juvenile cases when the victim and the offender are at the same school.
What is conferencing?
Effective programming that improves outcomes for youth is BASED in this location/setting.
What is the community?
Individuals with this MENTAL HEALTH DISORDER are impulsive, manipulative, lack remorse, and are commonly just referred to as sociopaths.
What is Antisocial Personality Disorder?
This group of theories examines why people DON’T violate the law.
What are social control theories?
According to social disorganization theory, this zone has the heaviest concentration of delinquency rates.
What is Zone 2?
These are the two types of restorative justice techniques that intervene post-conviction/disposition.
What are reparation boards and victim-impact panels?
According to this PREVENTION STRATEGY, to prevent crime, the risks must be increased and the rewards must be decreased thereby making crimes more difficult to perform.
What is situational crime control?
Researchers suggest that the delinquency rate is high for these types of people (referred to by this hyphenated double “S” term) because they are willing to take physical and social risks.
Who are sensation-seekers?
According to Hirschi’s social bond theory, a deficit of this bond/element may lead to risky behavior.
What is commitment?