Scientific Ethics
& Norms
& Norms
These four principles guide ethical scientific research
What are Merton’s Scientific Norms
These are the findings and statistics
What are the Results
To establish causation, this criterion requires that two variables must be related or show a connection
What is Covariance
This piece of anatomy in a research paper is the sources used
What are the References
This scientific norm states that anyone can contribute to science
What is Universalism
This is the summary of the study
What is an Abstract
This criterion requires that there are all alternative explanations are justified
What is Internal Validity
This study variable is what the researcher changes
What is the Independent Variable (IV)
This norm emphasizes that scientists should openly share their research findings
What is Communality
This is the research question and background
What is the Introduction
This criterion ensures that the cause happens before the effect
What is Temporal Precedence
This study variable is what’s measured as the outcome
What is the Dependent Variable (DV)
This norm ensures that all scientific claims are critically evaluated
What is Organized Skepticism
This is the interpretation of results
What is the Discussion
Relying on personal experiences and emotions instead of evidence can lead to these types of errors in thinking
What are Biases in Intuition
This norm requires scientists to remain objective and avoid personal biases in their research
What is Disinterestedness
This part contains the details of how the study was conducted
What is the Method