epidemiology
the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related sates or events human populations and the prevention and control of health problems
what is epidemiology
uninterrupted and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another
what is direct transmission
the occurrence of cases of illness, specific health-related behavior in excess of normal expectancy in a community
what is epidemic
preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
what is primary prevention
father of modern epidemiology
who is Wade Hampton Frost
involving characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events
what is descriptive epidemiology
when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate object, organism, or process to a host, resulting in disease
what is indirect transmission
an epidemic that affects the population of an extensive region, country, or continent
what is pandemic
aimed at the health screening and detection activities used to identify disease
what is secondary prevention
invented vaccine for smallpox
who is Edward Jenner
involves finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying causes of health-related states or events
what is analytic epidemiology
when droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to host can cause infection
what is airborne transmission
the ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people
what is endemic
consists of limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage
what is tertiary prevention
developed vaccine for anthrax
who is Louis Pasteur
behavior, environmental exposure, or inherent human characteristic that increases the chance of developing an adverse health outcome
what is risk factor
when an arthropod conveys the infectious agent
what is vector-borne transmission
epidemic that arises from a specific source
what is common-source epidemic
requires behavior changes such as stop smoking, begin exercise, diet change
what is active primary prevention
showed lemons and oranges were protective against scurvy
who is James Lind
an investigator that studies the occurrence and causes of disease or other health-related events
what is epidemiologist
when a pathogen undergoes changes as part of its life cycle while within the host/vector before transferring to a new host
what is biological transmission
an epidemic that arises from infections transmitted from one infected person to another
what is propagated epidemic
does not require behavior change on part of the individual such as consuming vitamin-rich foods
what is passive primary prevention
a pioneer in the field of toxicology
who is Alice Hamilton