Pupillary assessment
How do you perform direct pupillary light reflex testing and what does the observer look at?
Shine a light into one eye and observe the constriction in that same eye
What is the name of the basic screening visual field test performed manually? (Hint: It is Kinetic)
Confrontation Visual Field Test
What does Tonometry measure?
Intraocular Pressure (IOP)
What dye is used during staining of the cornea to check IOP?
Fluorescein dye
What is the very first step in a comprehensive medical eye exam?
Patient history
What is a Marcus Gunn Pupil and how is it detected?
An afferent pupillary defect (APD); detected using the swinging flashlight test
Which type of perimetry is most commonly used in clinics for detailed field analysis?
Automated Threshold Perimetry (Humphrey Visual Field)
What is the normal range for intraocular pressure?
10–21 mmHg
What test uses paper strips to measure tear production?
Schirmer’s Test
What does VA stand for in the 8-point eye exam?
Visual Acuity
What cranial nerves are involved in the pupillary light reflex? (Hint: one is the Optic Nerve, what is the other?)
CN III - oculomotor nerve
What is the term for "a natural area of blindness in each eye due to the lack of photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)"?
Physiological Blind Spot
Which method of tonometry is considered the gold standard?
Goldmann Applanation Tonometry
What does Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) evaluate?
Retinal layers, optic nerve, macula
Name three tests included in the "8-point eye exam."
VA, pupils, EOMs, CVF, IOP, external, slit lamp, fundus
What is the term for "pupils unequal in size"?
Anisocoria
What type of field defect would a patient have if they lost the RIGHT HALF of their visual field in BOTH eyes?
Right Homonymous Hemianopia
Name one factor that can cause falsely elevated IOP readings.
Thick Cornea
What test uses radiating sound waves and provides a 2-D reconstruction of ocular and orbital tissues?
B-Scan
What test checks for alignment and movement of the eyes?
Extraocular Movements (EOMs)
Pupils tend to be larger in what colored eyes?
Blue
What is the term for "a blind spot or area of diminished vision within the visual field"?
Scotoma
When performing Applanation Tonometry, the Mires will appear thick if what?
There is too much dye in the eye
What test makes it possible to view the detail in blood vessels of the ocular fundus?
Angiography
What is the purpose of dilation during a comprehensive eye exam?
To allow a better view of the retina/fundus