Blood Composition
$100: What percentage of blood is plasma?
→ About 55%
Which white blood cells are responsible for antibody production?
B lymphocytes
What is the most common cause of iron-deficiency anemia?
Chronic blood loss or poor dietary intake of iron
What does a complete blood count (CBC) measure?
Red cells, white cells, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit
What disease causes abnormally shaped red blood cells that block vessels?
Sickle cell disease
What is the primary component of plasma?
Water
Which WBCs destroy virus-infected or cancer cells directly?
T lymphocytes
What anemia results from destruction of bone marrow?
Aplastic anemia
What lab test is used to confirm vitamin B12 deficiency?
Serum vitamin B12 level
What condition results from excessive red blood cell production and blood thickening?
Polycythemia vera
Which plasma protein helps in blood clotting?
Fibrinogen
Which WBC type increases during chronic infections?
Monocytes (which become macrophages)
What deficiency causes folate-deficiency anemia?
Vitamin B9 deficiency
What test measures the time it takes for blood to clot through the extrinsic pathway?
Prothrombin time (PT)
What genetic disorder leads to excessive iron absorption and storage?
Hemochromatosis
What element within hemoglobin binds to oxygen?
Iron
What is the lifespan of most white blood cells?
Hours to days (some lymphocytes can live years)
Which type of anemia can develop with long-term kidney disease?
Normocytic anemia (low erythropoietin production)
What does hematocrit represent?
The percentage of blood made up of red blood cells
What serious condition causes both clotting and bleeding throughout the body?
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
What organ produces most plasma proteins?
The liver
Which WBC is elevated in allergic reactions and asthma?
Eosinophils
What type of anemia involves premature destruction of red blood cells?
Hemolytic anemia
What test measures the bone marrow’s ability to produce red blood cells?
Reticulocyte count
What cancer involves uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells?
Leukemia