Reproduction
This reproductive strategy increases genetic variation but requires more energy and time.
What is sexual reproduction?
This type of cell division produces two identical daughter cells.
What is mitosis?
This molecule carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
This structure represents genetic crosses and predicts offspring ratios.
What is Punnett square?
This term describes how common an allele is in a population.
What is allele frequency?
This fertilisation method occurs outside the body and is common in fish and amphibians.
What is external fertilisation?
This stage of meiosis results in homologous chromosomes separating.
What is anaphase I?
This molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
What is tRNA?
This process during meiosis exchanges DNA between homologous chromosomes.
What is crossing over?
DNA fragments are separated based on size using this technique.
What is gel electrophoresis?
This reproductive method in plants produces offspring genetically identical to the parent, such as runners.
What is vegetative propagation?
Crossing over occurs during this stage of meiosis.
What is prophase I?
This type of bond links amino acids together in a polypeptide.
What is peptide bonds?
A trait appears equally in males and females but does not skip generations. Suggest the inheritance pattern.
What is autosomal dominant?
Short, repeating DNA sequences used in profiling are called this.
What is STRs (short tandem repeats)?
This hormone triggers ovulation in the menstrual cycle.
What is luteinising hormone (LH)?
Independent assortment occurs during this stage.
What is metaphase I?
This level of protein structure relates to the presence of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets.
What is secondary structure?
When both alleles are fully expressed in a heterozygote, this pattern occurs.
What is codominance?
This field of study brings Mendelian and Darwinian ideas together.
What is population genetics?
This hormone maintains the uterine lining during pregnancy.
What is progesterone?
This feature of DNA replication ensures each new molecule contains one original strand.
What is semi-conservative?
Predict the effect of a mutation in a start codon.
Translation may not begin → no protein produced.
These three processes can explain why siblings from the same parents are genetically different.
What is independent assortment, crossing over and random fertilisation.
This application of population genetics helps guide species protection strategies.
What is conservation management?